özet geçersem anamı siksinler

gilgamiş destani
altinci tablet
kirini yıkadı, silâhlarını parlattı,
başını sallayarak saçının tutamlarını arkaya attı.
kirli giysisini fırlatıp temizini giydi,
savaş giysisini giyip beline işlemeli kemerini kuşandı.
gılgamış krallık tacını giyince,
gılgamış'ın güzelliği i̇ştar'ın güzel gözlerini kamaştırdı:
"gel gılgamış! benim güveyim ol!
bana meyveni armağan et, (57)
armağan etsene!
sen benim kocam ol, ben senin karın olayım!
sana altından ve lacivert taşından yapılmış koşu arabaları koşturayım!
tekerlekleri altın, boynuzları (58) ayna gibi parlayan madenden olsun!
buna ruhlar, dev gibi katırlar koşulsun!
sen evimize girince seni katran kokuları (59) karşılasın!
büyük rahipler ve soylular ayaklarını öpsünler!
krallar, büyükler ve beyler ayaklarının altına diz çöksünler!
dağların ve ülkelerin ürünlerini sana vergi olarak getirsinler!
sana keçiler üçüz, koyunlar ikiz yavrulasın!
senin sıpan bir ester yüküyle koşsun!
arabanın önündeki atın, yarışta birinci olsun!
boyunduruktaki öküzlerinin eşi olmasın!"

gılgamış, konuşmak için ağzını açıp görkemli i̇ştar'a dedi:
"seni ha!... seninle evlenirsem ne kazanacağım?
nasıl olsa kendimi yağlayacak yağım, ve üstüme giyecek giysim var.
yiyecek ekmeğim ve azığım vardır,
dahası, tanrılara yaraşır yemeğim, krallara özgü içkilerim bulunur!
(bir satır ekgib... bundan sonraki parçada, gılgamış, tanrıça'yı
şu biçimde aşağılıyor:)
...
...
...
... (60)
"... sen, soğukta ısıtmayan bir örtüsün!
sen rüzgâra ve fırtınaya engel olmayan uydurma bir kapısın!
sen, üstüne örtüleni altında ezen bir fil derisisin!
sen, içinde toplantı yapan yiğitlerin üstüne çöken bir saraysın!
sen taşıyıcısının üstünde eriyen bir ziftsin!
sen, taşıyıcısının üstünde boşalan bir kırbasın!
sen taş duvarı çatlatan bir kireçsin!
sen, düşman ülkesini çeken bir yemişsin! (61)
giyeni sıkan bir ayakkabısın!
dostlarından hangisini sonsuz olarak sevdin?
çobanlarından hangisini sürekli olarak beğendin?
haydi sevgililerinin adlarını sayayım!
(bir satır ekgib)
senin gençliğinin sevgilisi olan tammuz'a, (62)
yıldan yıla ağıtı yazgı kıldın.
sen, renkli çoban kuşunun aşkına düştün;
ama ona da vurup kanadını kırdın;
şimdi o, ormanlarda 'kappi' (63) diye bağırıp duruyor!
sen, gücü üstün olan aslanın aşkına düştün;
ama sonra ona yedi ve yedi tuzak çukurları kazdın.
sen, savaşa alışkın olan atın aşkına düştün;
ama sonra ona kırbaç, bizlengiç ve kamçıyı yazgı kıldın;
i̇ki kez yedi saat koşmayı yazgı kıldın;
ona suyu bulandırıp içirmeyi yazgı kıldın;
anası silili'ye sürekli yası yazgı kıldın!
sen, koyun çobanının aşkına düştün;
o, sana durmadan köz yığıp, günü gününe oğlaklar getirdi;
ama sonra ona vurup kurda döndürdün,
şimdi de kendi küçük çobanları onu kovalıyorlar;
dahası, kendi köpekleri bacaklarını ısırıyorlar.
sonra sen, babanın hurma bahçıvanı olan i̇şullanu'nun aşkına düştün;
o, sana durmadan bir sepet hurma getirip günü gününe sofranı donatırdı;
ama sonra ona göz atarak yaklaştın:
'i̇şullanu'cığım... (64) yiyelim,' dedin.
(bir satır çevrilememiştir.)
i̇şullanu şu yanıtı verdi:
'sen benden ne istiyorsun? sanki anam benim için pişirmedi mi?
ne diye kokmuş, çürümüş yemekleri yiyecekmişim?..
öyle ekmek ki, kabuğu sazdan ve dikendendir.' (65)
(bir satır ekgib)
sen onun söylediği bu sözleri duyduktan sonra,
ona vurup onu ... (66) döndürdün, ve bahçenin içine bıraktın.
(bir satır çevrilememiştir.)
şimdi beni seversen, beni de onlar gibi yaparsın."

o, i̇ştar, bunu duyar duymaz öfkelendi; yukarıya gökyüzüne çıktı.
i̇ştar, babası anu'nun huzuruna gitti.
o, anası antum'un huzuruna gitti ve dedi:
"babam! gılgamış bana sövüyordu!
gılgamış bana kokmuş, çürümüş şeyleri saydı.
kokmuş, çürümüş şeyleri!" anu konuşmak için ağzını açıp görkemli i̇ştar'a dedi:
"önce sen kavgaya başlamadın mı ki, o sana kokmuş şeyleri saydı.
kokmuş, çürümüş şeyleri!"

i̇ştar, konuşmak için ağzını açıp babası anu'ya dedi:
"babam, gılgamış'ı öldürmesi için bana gökyüzünün boğasını ver!
(bir satır ekgib)
fakat sen gökyüzünün boğasını bana vermezsen,
o zaman ben, cehennemin kapılarını kırar,
direklerini fırlatır, kapıları ardına dek açarım.
yaşayanları yemeleri için ölüleri kaldırırım.
dirileri yesinler diye!
o zaman dünyada ölüler dirilerden çok olur!"

anu, konuşmak için ağzını açıp görkemli i̇ştar'a dedi:
"kızım, benden istediğini yaparsam, yedi kavuz (67) yılları olur.
i̇nsanlar için buğday biriktirdin mi? hayvanlar için ot bitirdin mi?"

i̇ştar, konuşmak için ağzını açıp babası anu'ya dedi:
"baba, insanlar için buğday yığdım, hayvanlar için de ot sağladım!
onların yedi kavuz yıllarında doymaları için,
i̇nsanlara buğday topladım; hayvanlara ot yetiştirdim."
(üç satır ekgib)

anu, onun bu sözünü doyunca,
gökyüzünün boğasının zincirini i̇ştar'ın eline teslim etti.
o, boğayı yere indirmek için alıp aşağı zütürdü,
ve onu uruk ağılına sürdü.
(bir satır ekgib)

gökyüzünün boğası korku salarak aşağı indi.
o, birinci solumasında yüz kişi devirdi; iki yüz devirdi; üç yüz kişi...
i̇kinci solumasında yüz daha devirdi. i̇ki yüz daha, üç yüz kişi daha.
o, üçüncü solumasıyla engidu'ya saldırdı.
o, engidu'yu süseceği anda, engidu gözetleyip,
birdenbire boynuzlarını yakaladı.
hırsından gökyüzünün boğasının ağzından köpükler savruldu.
kuyruğunun kalın tarafıyla engidu'ya çarpıp onu yere attı.
engidu, konuşmak için ağzını açıp gılgamış'a dedi:
"eskiden biz kendi kendimize övündük. şimdi bunu gösterelim!"
(dört satır ekgib)
"bunu nasıl yapacağımızı sana öğreteyim:
sen ve ben ayrılmalıyız, ben boğayı kuyruğundan yakalayayım.
(üç satır ekgib)
kılıcın, onun boğazıyla boynuzlarının arasına insin."

engidu, gökyüzünün boğasını tutmak için,
kovalayıp sımsıkı kuyruğundan yakaladı.
engidu, onu iki eliyle tuttu,
ve gılgamış, usta bir kasap gibi, kılıcını güçlü ve güvenli bir vuruşla
onun boğazıyla boynuzlarının ortasına indirdi...
onlar orada gökyüzünün boğasını öldürdükten sonra,
yüreğini çıkarıp şamaş'ın önüne koydular.
onlar şamaş'ın huzurunda saygıyla eğilip geri çekildiler;
sonra her iki

dandanakan savaşı selçuklular ile
gazneliler arasında yapılan, selçukluların başarısıyla sonuçlanan savaş (1040).

sultan mesud, selçukluların artık kendi devleti için ne kadar büyük bir tehlike olduğunu anlamış ve onlar üzerine sefere çıkmıştı. nihayet sultan mes'ud ilk iki savaşta selçukluları mağlup ettti ( 1039). ancak bu gazneliler için selçukluları tamamiyle itaat altına alabilecek kesin bir zafer değildi. bu bakımdan selçuklulara barış teklif edildi.

selçuklular tarafında da kabul edilen bu teklife göre; gazneli ordusu
herat'a gidecek, nesa, baverd, fevare şehir ve hududları selçuklulara teslim edilecek, selçuklular ele geçirmiş oldukları nişabur, serahs ve merv'i tahliye edeceklerdi. i̇ki tarafın da bu geçici barışı kabul etmelerinin sebebi, dinlenmek ve yeniden savaşa hazırlanmaktı.

selçuklular barış şartlarına uymadıkları gibi, gazneli topraklarına yeniden akınlara başladılar. sultan mes'ud tekrar selçuklulara karşı harekete geçti. selçuklular ile
gazneliler arasında devam eden savaşların en büyüğü ve önemlisi merv civarındaki dandanakan kalesi yakınında oldu.

selçuklular, sultan mes'ud idaresindeki ordu karşısında kesin sonucu alarak gaznelileri hezimete uğrattılar (24 mayıs 1040). dandanakan savaşını kazandıktan sonra selçuklu beyleri toplanarak tuğrul bey'i "horasan emiri" ilan ettiler. artık horasan'da tamamen bağımsız bir devlet kuruyorlar ve büyük bir imparatorluk için ilk adımlarını atıyorlardı. ayrıca devrin adeti gereğince civardaki hükümdarlara zaferlerini bildiren "fetih-nameler" gönderdiler.

selçuklu reisleri aynı ay içinde merv şehrinde toplanan kurultay'da bir araya gelerek mühim kararlar aldılar. bu toplantıda alınan kararlardan birisiyle abbasi halifesi kaim bi-emrillah'a sadık olduklarını ve horasan'da adaleti tesis edeceklerini bildirdiler. bundan sonra selçuklular hakim oldukları ve ayrıca ilerde ele geçirmeyi tasarladıkları ülkeleri yine eski türk geleneği gereğince bölüştüler.

bu bölüşmeye göre; tuğrul bey "sultan" sıfatı ile nişabur'u alarak batıya irak tarafına gidecekti. çağrı bey'e "melik" unvanı ile merkez merv olmak üzere ceyhun ile gazne arasındaki bölge, musa yabgu'ya, büst, herat ve sistan havalisi verildi. hanedana mensup şehzadeler de birer bölgenin zabtı ile görevlendirilmişlerdi.

selçuklular bu esas üzerine fetihlere giriştiler ve bu sür'atle gerçekleştirdiler. çağrı bey gaznelilere karşı başarılı savaşlar yaparak, onları horasan'dan tamamen uzaklaştırdı. bir gazneli ordusunu mağlup ederek belh şehrini ele geçirdi (1040 yılı sonbaharı). tuğrul bey ile beraber harezm'e yürüdüler ve ezeli düşmanları şah melik'i mağlup ederek, geçmişte uğradıkları baskının acısını çıkardılar ve harezm ülkesini selçuklu devleti'ne bağladılar (1043). daha sonra çağrı bey oğlu alp arslan'ın yardımı ile başarısını sürdürdü ve karahanlıları mağlup etti.

ele geçirdiği bölgelerde selçuklu hakimiyetinin tanınması ve buralara karahanlıların saldırmamaları şartı ile başarılı bir anlaşma yaptı (1050). çağrı bey ayrıca gazneliler sultanı i̇brahim ile de hindikuş dağları arada sınır olmak üzere anlaştı (1059). i̇ki devlet arasındaki bu anlaşma yarım asır kadar devam etmiştir.

selçuklu devleti'nin kuruluşunda büyük rolü olan çağrı bey, yetmiş yaşında serahs şehrinde öldü (1060). ailenin en büyüğü musa yabgu, dandanakan savaşından sonra herat'ı zabtetti (1040). o sistan bölgesini idaresi altında bulunduruyor ve daha çok herat'da oturuyordu. ancak onun hanedanın öteki üyeleri kadar başarılı olmadığı anlaşılıyor. nitekim 1064 yılında sultan alp arslan'a isyan etti. neticede herat kalesinde yakalanarak alp arslan'ın yanına zütürüldü ve böylece siyasi hayatı sona erdi.

genesis 11

the tower of babel

1 now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 as men moved eastward, [a] they found a plain in shinar [b] and settled there.
3 they said to each other, "come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." they used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 then they said, "come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth."

5 but the lord came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. 6 the lord said, "if as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other."

8 so the lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 that is why it was called babel [c] —because there the lord confused the language of the whole world. from there the lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

from shem to abram

10 this is the account of shem.
two years after the flood, when shem was 100 years old, he became the father [d] of arphaxad. 11 and after he became the father of arphaxad, shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.
12 when arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of shelah. 13 and after he became the father of shelah, arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. [e]

14 when shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of eber. 15 and after he became the father of eber, shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

16 when eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of peleg. 17 and after he became the father of peleg, eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

18 when peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of reu. 19 and after he became the father of reu, peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

20 when reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of serug. 21 and after he became the father of serug, reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

22 when serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of nahor. 23 and after he became the father of nahor, serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

24 when nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of terah. 25 and after he became the father of terah, nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

26 after terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of abram, nahor and haran.

27 this is the account of terah.
terah became the father of abram, nahor and haran. and haran became the father of lot. 28 while his father terah was still alive, haran died in ur of the chaldeans, in the land of his birth. 29 abram and nahor both married. the name of abram's wife was sarai, and the name of nahor's wife was milcah; she was the daughter of haran, the father of both milcah and iscah. 30 now sarai was barren; she had no children.

31 terah took his son abram, his grandson lot son of haran, and his daughter-in-law sarai, the wife of his son abram, and together they set out from ur of the chaldeans to go to canaan. but when they came to haran, they settled there.

32 terah lived 205 years, and he died in haran.

genesis 19

sodom and gomorrah destroyed

1 the two angels arrived at sodom in the evening, and lot was sitting in the gateway of the city. when he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 "my lords," he said, "please turn aside to your servant's house. you can wash your feet and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning."
"no," they answered, "we will spend the night in the square."
3 but he insisted so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. he prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. 4 before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. 5 they called to lot, "where are the men who came to you tonight? bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them."

6 lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him 7 and said, "no, my friends. don't do this wicked thing. 8 look, i have two daughters who have never slept with a man. let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them. but don't do anything to these men, for they have come under the protection of my roof."

9 "get out of our way," they replied. and they said, "this fellow came here as an alien, and now he wants to play the judge! we'll treat you worse than them." they kept bringing pressure on lot and moved forward to break down the door.

10 but the men inside reached out and pulled lot back into the house and shut the door. 11 then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door.

12 the two men said to lot, "do you have anyone else here—sons-in-law, sons or daughters, or anyone else in the city who belongs to you? get them out of here, 13 because we are going to destroy this place. the outcry to the lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it."

14 so lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry [a] his daughters. he said, "hurry and get out of this place, because the lord is about to destroy the city!" but his sons-in-law thought he was joking.

15 with the coming of dawn, the angels urged lot, saying, "hurry! take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away when the city is punished."

16 when he hesitated, the men grasped his hand and the hands of his wife and of his two daughters and led them safely out of the city, for the lord was merciful to them. 17 as soon as they had brought them out, one of them said, "flee for your lives! don't look back, and don't stop anywhere in the plain! flee to the mountains or you will be swept away!"

18 but lot said to them, "no, my lords, [b] please! 19 your [c] servant has found favor in your [d] eyes, and you [e] have shown great kindness to me in sparing my life. but i can't flee to the mountains; this disaster will overtake me, and i'll die. 20 look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. let me flee to it—it is very small, isn't it? then my life will be spared."

21 he said to him, "very well, i will grant this request too; i will not overthrow the town you speak of. 22 but flee there quickly, because i cannot do anything until you reach it." (that is why the town was called zoar. [f] )

23 by the time lot reached zoar, the sun had risen over the land. 24 then the lord rained down burning sulfur on sodom and gomorrah—from the lord out of the heavens. 25 thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, including all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. 26 but lot's wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.

27 early the next morning abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the lord. 28 he looked down toward sodom and gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.

29 so when god destroyed the cities of the plain, he remembered abraham, and he brought lot out of the catastrophe that overthrew the cities where lot had lived.

lot and his daughters

30 lot and his two daughters left zoar and settled in the mountains, for he was afraid to stay in zoar. he and his two daughters lived in a cave. 31 one day the older daughter said to the younger, "our father is old, and there is no man around here to lie with us, as is the custom all over the earth. 32 let's get our father to drink wine and then lie with him and preserve our family line through our father."
33 that night they got their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and lay with him. he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.

34 the next day the older daughter said to the younger, "last night i lay with my father. let's get him to drink wine again tonight, and you go in and lie with him so we can preserve our family line through our father." 35 so they got their father to drink wine that night also, and the younger daughter went and lay with him. again he was not aware of it when she lay down or when she got up.

36 so both of lot's daughters became pregnant by their father. 37 the older daughter had a son, and she named him moab [g] ; he is the father of the moabites of today. 38 the younger daughter also had a son, and she named him ben-ammi [h] ; he is the father of the ammonites of today.

genesis 9

god's covenant with noah

1 then god blessed noah and his sons, saying to them, "be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth. 2 the fear and dread of you will fall upon all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air, upon every creature that moves along the ground, and upon all the fish of the sea; they are given into your hands. 3 everything that lives and moves will be food for you. just as i gave you the green plants, i now give you everything.
4 "but you must not eat meat that has its lifeblood still in it. 5 and for your lifeblood i will surely demand an accounting. i will demand an accounting from every animal. and from each man, too, i will demand an accounting for the life of his fellow man.

6 "whoever sheds the blood of man,
by man shall his blood be shed;
for in the image of god
has god made man.

7 as for you, be fruitful and increase in number; multiply on the earth and increase upon it."

8 then god said to noah and to his sons with him: 9 "i now establish my covenant with you and with your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that was with you—the birds, the livestock and all the wild animals, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature on earth. 11 i establish my covenant with you: never again will all life be cut off by the waters of a flood; never again will there be a flood to destroy the earth."

12 and god said, "this is the sign of the covenant i am making between me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all generations to come: 13 i have set my rainbow in the clouds, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and the earth. 14 whenever i bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, 15 i will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. 16 whenever the rainbow appears in the clouds, i will see it and remember the everlasting covenant between god and all living creatures of every kind on the earth."

17 so god said to noah, "this is the sign of the covenant i have established between me and all life on the earth."

the sons of noah

18 the sons of noah who came out of the ark were shem, ham and japheth. (ham was the father of canaan.) 19 these were the three sons of noah, and from them came the people who were scattered over the earth.
20 noah, a man of the soil, proceeded [a] to plant a vineyard. 21 when he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. 22 ham, the father of canaan, saw his father's nakedness and told his two brothers outside. 23 but shem and japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father's nakedness. their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father's nakedness.

24 when noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him, 25 he said,
"cursed be canaan!
the lowest of slaves
will he be to his brothers."

26 he also said,
"blessed be the lord, the god of shem!
may canaan be the slave of shem. [b]

27 may god extend the territory of japheth [c] ;
may japheth live in the tents of shem,
and may canaan be his [d] slave."

28 after the flood noah lived 350 years. 29 altogether, noah lived 950 years, and then he died.

genesis 10

the table of nations

1 this is the account of shem, ham and japheth, noah's sons, who themselves had sons after the flood.
the japhethites

2 the sons [a] of japheth:
gomer, magog, madai, javan, tubal, meshech and tiras.
3 the sons of gomer:
ashkenaz, riphath and togarmah.

4 the sons of javan:
elishah, tarshish, the kittim and the rodanim. [b] 5 (from these the maritime peoples spread out into their territories by their clans within their nations, each with its own language.)

the hamites

6 the sons of ham:
cush, mizraim, [c] put and canaan.
7 the sons of cush:
seba, havilah, sabtah, raamah and sabteca.
the sons of raamah:
sheba and dedan.

8 cush was the father [d] of nimrod, who grew to be a mighty warrior on the earth. 9 he was a mighty hunter before the lord; that is why it is said, "like nimrod, a mighty hunter before the lord." 10 the first centers of his kingdom were babylon, erech, akkad and calneh, in [e] shinar. [f] 11 from that land he went to assyria, where he built nineveh, rehoboth ir, [g] calah 12 and resen, which is between nineveh and calah; that is the great city.

13 mizraim was the father of
the ludites, anamites, lehabites, naphtuhites, 14 pathrusites, casluhites (from whom the philistines came) and caphtorites.

15 canaan was the father of
sidon his firstborn, [h] and of the hittites, 16 jebusites, amorites, girgashites, 17 hivites, arkites, sinites, 18 arvadites, zemarites and hamathites.
later the canaanite clans scattered 19 and the borders of canaan reached from sidon toward gerar as far as gaza, and then toward sodom, gomorrah, admah and zeboiim, as far as lasha.

20 these are the sons of ham by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.

the semites

21 sons were also born to shem, whose older brother was [i] japheth; shem was the ancestor of all the sons of eber.
22 the sons of shem:
elam, asshur, arphaxad, lud and aram.

23 the sons of aram:
uz, hul, gether and meshech. [j]

24 arphaxad was the father of [k] shelah,
and shelah the father of eber.

25 two sons were born to eber:
one was named peleg, [l] because in his time the earth was divided; his brother was named joktan.

26 joktan was the father of
almodad, sheleph, hazarmaveth, jerah, 27 hadoram, uzal, diklah, 28 obal, abimael, sheba, 29 ophir, havilah and jobab. all these were sons of joktan.

30 the region where they lived stretched from mesha toward sephar, in the eastern hill country.

31 these are the sons of shem by their clans and languages, in their territories and nations.

32 these are the clans of noah's sons, according to their lines of descent, within their nations. from these the nations spread out over the earth after the flood.

genesis 11

the tower of babel

1 now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 as men moved eastward, [a] they found a plain in shinar [b] and settled there.
3 they said to each other, "come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." they used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 then they said, "come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth."

5 but the lord came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building. 6 the lord said, "if as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other."

8 so the lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 that is why it was called babel [c] —because there the lord confused the language of the whole world. from there the lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.

from shem to abram

10 this is the account of shem.
two years after the flood, when shem was 100 years old, he became the father [d] of arphaxad. 11 and after he became the father of arphaxad, shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.
12 when arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of shelah. 13 and after he became the father of shelah, arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. [e]

14 when shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of eber. 15 and after he became the father of eber, shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.

16 when eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of peleg. 17 and after he became the father of peleg, eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters.

18 when peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of reu. 19 and after he became the father of reu, peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters.

20 when reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of serug. 21 and after he became the father of serug, reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters.

22 when serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of nahor. 23 and after he became the father of nahor, serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters.

24 when nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of terah. 25 and after he became the father of terah, nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters.

26 after terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of abram, nahor and haran.

27 this is the account of terah.
terah became the father of abram, nahor and haran. and haran became the father of lot. 28 while his father terah was still alive, haran died in ur of the chaldeans, in the land of his birth. 29 abram and nahor both married. the name of abram's wife was sarai, and the name of nahor's wife was milcah; she was the daughter of haran, the father of both milcah and iscah. 30 now sarai was barren; she had no children.

31 terah took his son abram, his grandson lot son of haran, and his daughter-in-law sarai, the wife of his son abram, and together they set out from ur of the chaldeans to go to canaan. but when they came to haran, they settled there.

32 terah lived 205 years, and he died in haran.

genesis 12

the call of abram

1 the lord had said to abram, "leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land i will show you.
2 "i will make you into a great nation
and i will bless you;
i will make your name great,
and you will be a blessing.

3 i will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you i will curse;
and all peoples on earth
will be blessed through you."

4 so abram left, as the lord had told him; and lot went with him. abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from haran. 5 he took his wife sarai, his nephew lot, all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in haran, and they set out for the land of canaan, and they arrived there.

6 abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the great tree of moreh at shechem. at that time the canaanites were in the land. 7 the lord appeared to abram and said, "to your offspring [a] i will give this land." so he built an altar there to the lord, who had appeared to him.

8 from there he went on toward the hills east of bethel and pitched his tent, with bethel on the west and ai on the east. there he built an altar to the lord and called on the name of the lord. 9 then abram set out and continued toward the negev.

abram in egypt

10 now there was a famine in the land, and abram went down to egypt to live there for a while because the famine was severe. 11 as he was about to enter egypt, he said to his wife sarai, "i know what a beautiful woman you are. 12 when the egyptians see you, they will say, 'this is his wife.' then they will kill me but will let you live. 13 say you are my sister, so that i will be treated well for your sake and my life will be spared because of you."
14 when abram came to egypt, the egyptians saw that she was a very beautiful woman. 15 and when pharaoh's officials saw her, they praised her to pharaoh, and she was taken into his palace. 16 he treated abram well for her sake, and abram acquired sheep and cattle, male and female donkeys, menservants and maidservants, and camels.

17 but the lord inflicted serious diseases on pharaoh and his household because of abram's wife sarai. 18 so pharaoh summoned abram. "what have you done to me?" he said. "why didn't you tell me she was your wife? 19 why did you say, 'she is my sister,' so that i took her to be my wife? now then, here is your wife. take her and go!" 20 then pharaoh gave orders about abram to his men, and they sent him on his way, with his wife and everything he had.

reha erdem türk sinemasında auteur sıfatına layık az sayıda yönetmenden biri oldu kısa zamanda. reklam filmleriyle başlayan sinema serüveni a ay (1988) la devam etti. sonrasında uzun bir ara verip reklam filmleri ve diğer çalışmalarıyla edindiği maddi kaynakla kaç para kaç (1999) ı çekti . kaç para kaç ve a ay filmleriyle kendine bir perspektif/sinemasal kategorizasyon sağladı . filmlerini atlantik film çatısı altında çıkarıyordu , bağımsız yapımlardı. böylelik baskı altında kalmadan zihnindekileri kendine has görselliğiyle sinemaya yansıtma fırsatı buldu . kaç para kaç tan sonra 2004 yılında korkuyorum anne'yi bitirdi . film önceleri insan nedir ki olarak piyasaya çıktı , kısa süre sonra film geri çekilip çeşitli düzenlemelerden sonra korkuyorum anne adıyla tekrar sinemaseverlerle buluştu . son filmi 5 vakit' in 2006 istanbul film festivalinde ilk gösterimi gerçekleştirildi. sinema salonlarına henüz dağıtılmamış olması sebebiyle çoğu insan filmi izlemeden hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak durumunda kaldı .

reha erdem filmlerini az seyirciyle buluşmuş türk sinemasının nadide senaryolara ve görselliğe sahip filmleri olarak nitelendirebiliriz. reha erdemi kaç para kaç adlı filmi üzerinden tanıtmak zor olsa da şimdilik idare edicez.

kaç para kaç reha erdem in kendi tabiriyle en çok narrasyona dayalı filmidir. a ay , korkuyorum anne gibi filmlerinde narrasyonun arka planda kalmasını tercih etmiş daha çok görselliği ve montajı ön plana çıkarmıştır . film istanbul filmidir, istanbulda geçer. bir esnafın tesadüfen yüklü miktarda paraya kavuşması ve hayatının nasıl değiştiğini konu alır . karakterimizin namusluluk vasfını kaybetmesi ve dolayısıyla yeni kendine alışmasını/alışamamasını , çevresindekilerin tepkilerini izleriz. feride çiçekoğlu 'nun deyimiyle "para nedir ki" temalı filmidir . filmi görsellik , yönetim , kurgu açısından ele alırsak ; misal filmde amerikanvari bir kovalamaca sahnesine tanık oluyoruz . vapurda geçen kovalamaca sahnesinde herkesin birbirinin peşinde olduğunu mizah da katarak görselleştirmiş yönetmen. farklı kamera açıları, kısa planlar ile devamlılık ve tedirginlik yaratma konusunda ustalığını göstermiş .zaman mekan kullanımını had safhaya çıkarmış filmlerinde. vapurda kovalamaca sahnesi ve ardından vapurdan atlama sahnesi vardır örnek verilebilecek . beşiktaş iskelesinin olacağı yere bir mendirek monte etmiş , taner birsel'in kaçışını üstün bir görsellikle aktarabilmiştir izleyiciye.

sinemanın olanaklarından biri olan zaman ve mekandan bağımsız olma durumu reha erdem sinemasında önemli yer tutar ve kendisi de bu durumu şöyle dile getirir. " kaç para kaç'ı yaptıktan sonra çok insan şaşırdı, bu ne, a ay ne diye? ben de ona şaşırdım! onların hepsi benim sevdiğim bir sinemanın, montaj sinemasının, ürünleri. kendi içinde ritmi arayan, hepsi belli bir yerden olmaya çalışan filmler. bunlar birbirinin devam filmleri, bence. bu filmlerin hiçbiri diyelim ki pop müzik değil, ama hepsi elektronik müzik içinde. ama kimisinin melodisi fazla, kimisinde kuru ritimler var. " zaman içinse ayrı bir yorumu vardır: "bugün ama gündelik bugün olmayan bir zaman o. her zaman aslında. bütün filmlerimde yapmaya çalıştığım şey". bir zaman dilimi içinde bir çok farklı zamandan parçalar , bir mekan içinde bir çok mekandan esintiler var reha erdem filmlerinde. kaç para kaç ta ise tam tersi bir durum olduğunu yazının başında söylemiştim . hikayenin önde olması ve meseleyi -para nedir ki - hikayenin zaten açıklığa kavuşturması reha erdemin montaj sinemasıyla uyuşmuyor . bireyin ne yapacağını bilememesi , düzeninin bozulma korkusu abartılı bir biçimde senaryoda zaten ifade edilmiş kaç para kaçta . gerçekliğin abartılı anlatımı reha erdem' in sinemanın kendini anlatması gerektiğini düşünmesinden dolayı meydana geliyor. filmde para sözcüğünün milyon kez tekrarlanması da buna örnek gösterilebilir . filmlerinde karakterlerin hep bir şeylerden korkmasını da ortak yön olarak gösterebiliriz

gus vant sant ın son filmi last days yönetmenin son yıllarda en tuttuğu filmlerden biriymiş. bunun dışında alfred hitchcock sinemasını kendine yakın hissettiğini ( doğallıktan uzak ,gerçekliğin yapay olduğunu farkettirmesi nedeniyle) ifade etmiştir . türk sinemasında ise bi bakıma metin erksanın takipçisi olduğunu söyler (montaj sineması ).

genesis 14

abram rescues lot

1 at this time amraphel king of shinar, [a] arioch king of ellasar, kedorlaomer king of elam and tidal king of goiim 2 went to war against bera king of sodom, birsha king of gomorrah, shinab king of admah, shemeber king of zeboiim, and the king of bela (that is, zoar). 3 all these latter kings joined forces in the valley of siddim (the salt sea [b] ). 4 for twelve years they had been subject to kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled.
5 in the fourteenth year, kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the rephaites in ashteroth karnaim, the zuzites in ham, the emites in shaveh kiriathaim 6 and the horites in the hill country of seir, as far as el paran near the desert. 7 then they turned back and went to en mishpat (that is, kadesh), and they conquered the whole territory of the amalekites, as well as the amorites who were living in hazazon tamar.

8 then the king of sodom, the king of gomorrah, the king of admah, the king of zeboiim and the king of bela (that is, zoar) marched out and drew up their battle lines in the valley of siddim 9 against kedorlaomer king of elam, tidal king of goiim, amraphel king of shinar and arioch king of ellasar—four kings against five. 10 now the valley of siddim was full of tar pits, and when the kings of sodom and gomorrah fled, some of the men fell into them and the rest fled to the hills. 11 the four kings seized all the goods of sodom and gomorrah and all their food; then they went away. 12 they also carried off abram's nephew lot and his possessions, since he was living in sodom.

13 one who had escaped came and reported this to abram the hebrew. now abram was living near the great trees of mamre the amorite, a brother [c] of eshcol and aner, all of whom were allied with abram. 14 when abram heard that his relative had been taken captive, he called out the 318 trained men born in his household and went in pursuit as far as dan. 15 during the night abram divided his men to attack them and he routed them, pursuing them as far as hobah, north of damascus. 16 he recovered all the goods and brought back his relative lot and his possessions, together with the women and the other people.

17 after abram returned from defeating kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of sodom came out to meet him in the valley of shaveh (that is, the king's valley).

18 then melchizedek king of salem [d] brought out bread and wine. he was priest of god most high, 19 and he blessed abram, saying,
"blessed be abram by god most high,
creator [e] of heaven and earth.

20 and blessed be [f] god most high,
who delivered your enemies into your hand."
then abram gave him a tenth of everything.

21 the king of sodom said to abram, "give me the people and keep the goods for yourself."

22 but abram said to the king of sodom, "i have raised my hand to the lord, god most high, creator of heaven and earth, and have taken an oath 23 that i will accept nothing belonging to you, not even a thread or the thong of a sandal, so that you will never be able to say, 'i made abram rich.' 24 i will accept nothing but what my men have eaten and the share that belongs to the men who went with me—to aner, eshcol and mamre. let them have their share."

genesis 17

the covenant of circumcision

1 when abram was ninety-nine years old, the lord appeared to him and said, "i am god almighty [a] ; walk before me and be blameless. 2 i will confirm my covenant between me and you and will greatly increase your numbers."
3 abram fell facedown, and god said to him, 4 "as for me, this is my covenant with you: you will be the father of many nations. 5 no longer will you be called abram [b] ; your name will be abraham, [c] for i have made you a father of many nations. 6 i will make you very fruitful; i will make nations of you, and kings will come from you. 7 i will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your god and the god of your descendants after you. 8 the whole land of canaan, where you are now an alien, i will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you; and i will be their god."

9 then god said to abraham, "as for you, you must keep my covenant, you and your descendants after you for the generations to come. 10 this is my covenant with you and your descendants after you, the covenant you are to keep: every male among you shall be circumcised. 11 you are to undergo circumcision, and it will be the sign of the covenant between me and you. 12 for the generations to come every male among you who is eight days old must be circumcised, including those born in your household or bought with money from a foreigner—those who are not your offspring. 13 whether born in your household or bought with your money, they must be circumcised. my covenant in your flesh is to be an everlasting covenant. 14 any uncircumcised male, who has not been circumcised in the flesh, will be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant."

15 god also said to abraham, "as for sarai your wife, you are no longer to call her sarai; her name will be sarah. 16 i will bless her and will surely give you a son by her. i will bless her so that she will be the mother of nations; kings of peoples will come from her."

17 abraham fell facedown; he laughed and said to himself, "will a son be born to a man a hundred years old? will sarah bear a child at the age of ninety?" 18 and abraham said to god, "if only ishmael might live under your blessing!"

19 then god said, "yes, but your wife sarah will bear you a son, and you will call him isaac. [d] i will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his descendants after him. 20 and as for ishmael, i have heard you: i will surely bless him; i will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers. he will be the father of twelve rulers, and i will make him into a great nation. 21 but my covenant i will establish with isaac, whom sarah will bear to you by this time next year." 22 when he had finished speaking with abraham, god went up from him.

23 on that very day abraham took his son ishmael and all those born in his household or bought with his money, every male in his household, and circumcised them, as god told him. 24 abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised, 25 and his son ishmael was thirteen; 26 abraham and his son ishmael were both circumcised on that same day. 27 and every male in abraham's household, including those born in his household or bought from a foreigner, was circumcised with him.