suku manyagı olmak isteyen buraya

muhafazid fethullah gülen is a turkish preacher, author, educator, and muslim scholar living in self-imposed exile in pennsylvania (usa).
gülen teaches an anatolian version of traditional mainstream islam,[1] deriving from said nursi's teachings and modernizing them. gülen condemns any kind of terrorism,[2] and supports interfaith dialogue among the people of the book, and has initiated such dialogue with the vatican and some jewish organizations.[3]
in the turkish context gülen appears relatively conservative and religiously observant. for example, he supports the view that women should wear headscarfs,[4] and his female followers usually wear them.
gülen was born in the village of korucuk, near erzurum. his father, ramiz gülen, was an imam. gülen started primary education at his home village, but did not continue after his family moved, and instead focused on informal islamic education.[6] he gave his first sermon when he was 14.[7] he was influenced by the ideas of said nursi and maulana jalaluddeen rumi.[8]
gülen never met said nursi, who died in 1960. by the end of the 1970s gülen broke ranks with the mainstream nurcu movement[citation needed] (or nur movement, i.e., the group following nursi), which was governed by a council of elders,[citation needed] and created his own institutions in which he was the sole leader.[citation needed] comparing gülen to leaders in the nur movement, hakan yavuz said, "gülen is more turkish nationalist in his thinking. also, he is somewhat more state-oriented, and is more concerned with market economics and neo-liberal economic policies."[9]
his pro-business stance has led some outsiders to dub his theology an islamic version of calvinism.[10] oxford analytica says:
"gülen put nursi's ideas into practice when he was transferred to a mosque in izmir in 1966. izmir is a city where political islam never took root. however, the business and professional middle class came to resent the constraints of a state bureaucracy under whose wings it had grown, and supported market-friendly policies, while preserving at least some elements of a conservative lifestyle. such businessmen were largely pro-western, because it was western (mainly u.s.) influence, which had persuaded the government to allow free elections for the first time in 1950 and u.s. aid, which had primed the pump of economic growth." [11]
gülen retired from formal preaching duties in 1981. from 1988 to 1991 he gave a series of sermons in popular mosques of major cities. these activities elevated him to a public figure. in 1994, he participated in the founding of "journalists and writers foundation"[12] and was given the title "honorary president" by the foundation.[13] he did not make any comment regarding the closures of the welfare party in 1998 [4] or the virtue party in 2001.[14] he has met some politicians like tansu çiller and bülent ecevit, but he avoids meeting with the leaders of islamic political parties.[14]
in 1998 gülen emigrated to the united states, ostensibly for health problems (he suffers from diabetes and heart disease) but arguably in anticipation of being tried over remarks (aired after his emigration to us) which seemed to favor an islamic state.[15] in june 1999, after gulen had left turkey video tapes were sent to some turkey tv stations with recordings of gulen saying, "the existing system is still in power. our friends who have positions in legislative and administrative bodies should learn its details and be vigilant all the time so that they can transform it and be more fruitful on behalf of islam in order to carry out a nationwide restoration. however, they should wait until the conditions become more favorable. in other words, they should not come out too early."[16] gülen complained that the remarks were taken out of context,[17] and questions were raised about the authenticity of the tape, which he accused of having been "manipulated". gülen was tried in absentia in 2000, and acquitted in 2006.[18] the supreme court of appeals later rejected an appeal by the chief prosecutor's office.[19]
gülen does not advocate a new theology but refers to classical authorities of theology and takes up their line of argument; his understanding of islam is thus conservative and mainstream.[20][21] though he has never been a member of a sufi tarekat and does not see tarekat membership as a necessity for muslims, he teaches that sufism is the inner dimension of islam and the inner and outer dimensions must never be separated.[22] his teachings differ in emphasis from those of other mainstream, moderate islamic scholars in two respects, both based on his interpretations of particular verses of the qur'an: he teaches that the muslim community has a duty of service (turkish: hizmet)[23] to the “common good” of the community and the nation [24] and to muslims and non-muslims all over the world;[25] also, the muslim community is obliged to conduct interfaith dialogue with the "people of the book" (jews and christians).[26]
gülen has roundly condemned terrorism using islamic reasoning, but in 2004 debate arose over comments by gülen to the effect that terrorism was as despicable as atheism.[27] in a follow-up interview he explained he did not intend to equate atheists and murderers; rather, he wanted to highlight the fact that according to islam both were destined to suffer eternal punishment.