orgasm

an orgasm (from greek orgasmos, from organ to mature, swell, also sexual climax) is the peak of the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle, characterized by an intense sensation of pleasure.[1] experienced by both males and females, orgasm is controlled by the involuntary, or autonomic, limbic system, and is accompanied by quick cycles of muscle contraction in the lower pelvic muscles, which surround the primary sexual organs and the anus. orgasms are often associated with other involuntary actions, including muscular spasms in multiple areas of the body, a general euphoric sensation and, frequently, body movements and vocalizations are expressed.
orgasm is an autonomic physiologic response to sexual stimulation. brain activity scans indicate the importance of the limbic system in the orgasmic response.[citation needed] in humans, orgasms usually result from the stimulation of the penis in males and the clitoris in females. stimulation can be by self (masturbation) or by a partner (sexual intercourse, oral sex, mutual masturbation, etc.). partners simultaneously stimulating each other's sex organs by mutual masturbation, penetrative intercourse, or other rhythmic inter-genital contact may experience simultaneous orgasms. partners can learn to control their own and each other's orgasms.
the moments after orgasm are often a relaxing experience, attributed to the release of the neurohormones oxytocin and prolactin.[2] male and female brains demonstrate similar changes during orgasm (by partner controlled orgasm), with brain activity scans showing a temporary decrease in the metabolic activity of large parts of the cerebral cortex with normal or increased metabolic activity in the limbic areas of the brain.[3]
contents [hide]
1 achieving orgasm
1.1 orgasm control
1.2 female orgasm
1.3 anal stimulation
1.4 breast and nipple stimulation
1.5 spontaneous orgasms
1.6 involuntary orgasms
1.7 multiple orgasms
2 definitions of "orgasm"
3 evolutionary function of orgasms
3.1 function of female orgasm
3.2 genetic basis of individual variation
4 medical aspects of orgasm
4.1 physiological responses
4.1.1 orgasm phases and cycles
4.1.2 in men
4.1.2.1 sensation
4.1.3 in women
4.2 orgasm and the brain
4.3 orgasm and health
4.4 orgasmic dysfunction
4.5 drugs and orgasm
5 in tantric sex
6 in other animals
7 in literature
8 see also
9 references
9.1 further reading
9.2 notes
9.3 bibliography
10 external links
achieving orgasm

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in men, the most common way of achieving orgasm is by the stimulation of the penis; while in women it is the stimulation of the clitoris. such stimulation can be achieved from a variety of activities. in men, sufficient stimulation can be achieved during vaginal or anal sexual intercourse, oral sex (fellatio), or by masturbation. this is usually accompanied by ejaculation. in women, orgasm may be achieved during vaginal sexual intercourse, oral sex (cunnilingus), masturbation, or other non-penetrative sex, and may be by the use of a sensual vibrator or an erotic electrostimulation, besides other activities. orgasm may also be achieved by stimulation of the nipples, uterus, or other erogenous zones. in addition to physical stimulation, orgasm can be achieved from psychological arousal alone, such as during dreaming (which may be a nocturnal emission).
important in sexual stimulation are internal glands, called the skene's glands in women and the prostate in men, two homologous structures. in common use, the term g-spot refers to these areas.
orgasm control
orgasm control by self, or by a partner, is managing the physical stimulation and sensation connected with the emotional and physiologic excitement levels. through the practice of masturbation, individuals can learn to develop control of their own body's orgasmic response and timing. in partnered stimulation, either partner can control his or her own orgasmic response and timing. with mutual agreement, either partner can similarly learn to control or enhance his or her partner's orgasmic response and timing. partner stimulation orgasm techniques referred to as mutual masturbation or orgasm control can be learned and practiced focused on either partner to refine the control of orgasmic response of the other. partners choose which is in control or in response to the other during mutual masturbation. by learning and practice of the shared orgasmic response between partners, orgasm control can be expanded. a technique known as expanded orgasm is a method of both controlling, enhancing, and extending the orgasmic response of either partner.
orgasm control is most effectively practiced first by self masturbation, then by partnered non-simultaneous mutual masturbation. a regular practice of mutual masturbation with partner controlled orgasmic response can improve both learned orgasm control and orgasm expansiveness for any sexual interaction. practiced orgasm control can improve male or female orgasm experience and can improve male ejaculation control. regular practice of partnered orgasm control allows learning, refining and expanding the orgasmic response of both partners. techniques stimulating orgasm in either gender include manual genital stroking and/or a vibrator for self stimulation in masturbation. this can be shared with a partner observing or the stimulation can be controlled by a chosen partner of any gender. an example of a safer sex consensual partner manually stroking orgasmic control technique is described in expanded orgasm. practiced mindful orgasmic control techniques can help learning, enhancing, and extending our body's natural limbic system orgasmic response. the practice of orgasm control applies to female and male masturbation and any gender partnered combinations. practiced orgasm control improves learned and natural orgasmic response in most sexual interactions.
female orgasm
discussions of female orgasm are complicated by the fact that, perhaps artificially, orgasm in women has sometimes been labeled as two different things: the clitoral orgasm and the vaginal orgasm.
the concept of vaginal orgasm as a separate phenomenon was first postulated by sigmund freud. in 1905, freud stated that clitoral orgasm was purely an adolescent phenomenon, and upon reaching puberty the proper response of mature women was a change-over to vaginal orgasms, meaning orgasms without any clitoral stimulation. while freud provided no evidence for this basic assumption, the consequences of this theory were considerable. many women felt inadequate when they could not achieve orgasm via vaginal intercourse alone, involving little or no clitoral stimulation.[citation needed]
in 1966, masters and johnson published pivotal research about the phases of sexual stimulation.[4] their work included women and men, and unlike alfred kinsey earlier (in 1948 and 1953), tried to determine the physiological stages before and after orgasm.[5] masters and johnson observed that both clitoral and vaginal orgasms had the same stages of physical response. they argued that clitoral stimulation is the primary source of both kinds of orgasms.
recent discoveries about the size of the clitoris show that clitoral tissue extends some considerable distance inside the body, around the vagina. this discovery may possibly invalidate any attempt to claim that clitoral orgasm and vaginal orgasm are two different things.[6]
the link between the clitoris and the vagina reinforces the idea that the clitoris is the 'seat' of the female orgasm. it is now clear that clitoral tissue is far more widespread than the small visible part most people associate with the word. it is possible that some women have more extensive clitoral tissues and nerves than others, and therefore whereas many women can only achieve orgasm by direct stimulation of the external parts of the clitoris, for others the stimulation of the more generalized tissues of the clitoris via intercourse may be sufficient.
the gräfenberg spot, or g-spot, is a small area behind the female pubic bone surrounding the urethra and accessible through the anterior wall of the vagina. the size of this spot appears to vary considerably from person to person. a recent theory receiving some publicity is that the female body can achieve orgasm both from stimulation of the clitoris and of the g-spot. such orgasm is sometimes referred to as "vaginal," because it results from stimulation inside the vagina, including during sexual intercourse.

anal stimulation
in both sexes, pleasure can be derived from the nerve endings around the anus and the anus itself, such as during anal sex. hence, anal-oral contact can still be pleasurable without stimulation of the clitoris. jack morin has claimed that "anal orgasm" has nothing to do with the prostate orgasm, although the two are often confused.[7]
breast and nipple stimulation
a "breast orgasm" is a female orgasm that is triggered from the stimulation of a woman's breast.[8] not all women experience this effect when the breasts are stimulated; however, some women claim that the stimulation of the breast area during sexual intercourse and foreplay, or just the simple act of having their breasts fondled, has created mild to intense orgasms. according to one study that questioned 213 women, 29% of them had experienced a breast orgasm at one time or another.[9] an orgasm is believed to occur in part because of the hormone oxytocin, which is produced in the body during sexual excitement and arousal. it has also been shown that oxytocin is produced when an individual's nipples are stimulated and become erect.[10]
spontaneous orgasms
orgasms can be spontaneous, seeming to occur with no direct stimulation. occasionally, orgasms can occur during sexual dreams (see nocturnal emission).
the first orgasm of this type was reported among people who had spinal cord injury (sci). although sci very often leads to loss of certain sensations and altered self-perception, a person with this disturbance is not deprived of sexual feelings such as sexual arousal and erotic desires. thus some individuals are able to initiate orgasm by mere mental stimulation.
some non-sexual activity may result in a spontaneous orgasm. the best example of such activity is a release of tension that unintentionally involves slight genital stimulation, like rubbing of the seat of the bicycle against genitals during riding, exercising, when pelvic muscles are tightened or when yawning or sneezing.
it was also discovered that some anti-depressant drugs may provoke spontaneous climax as a side effect.[11] there is no accurate data for how many patients who were on treatment with antidepressant drugs experienced spontaneous orgasm, as most were unwilling to acknowledge the fact.
involuntary orgasms
orgasms can happen as the result of forced sexual contact as during rape or sexual assault, and are often associated with feelings of shame caused by internalization of victim-blaming attitudes.[12][13] the incidence of those who experience unsolicited sexual contact and experience orgasm is very low, though possibly underreported due to shame or embarrassment. involuntary orgasms can happen regardless of gender.[14]
multiple orgasms
in some cases, women, or less often men,[15] either do not have a refractory period or have a very short one and thus can experience a second orgasm, and perhaps further ones, soon after the first. after the first, subsequent climaxes may be stronger or more pleasurable as the stimulation accumulates. for some women, their clitoris and nipples are very sensitive after climax, making additional stimulation initially painful.
there are sensational reports of women having too many orgasms, including an unauthenticated claim that a young british woman has them constantly throughout the day, whenever she experiences the slightest vibration.[16]
it is possible for a man to have an orgasm without ejaculation (dry orgasm) or to ejaculate without reaching orgasm. some men have reported having multiple consecutive orgasms, particularly without ejaculation. males who experience dry orgasms can often produce multiple orgasms, as the refractory period is reduced.[17] some males are able to masturbate for hours at a time, achieving orgasm many times.[17] some men are multiorgasmic since they remember, while others have learned to achieve multiple orgasms.[15] in recent years, a number of books have described various techniques to achieve multiple orgasms. most multi-orgasmic men (and their partners) report that refraining from ejaculation results in a far more energetic post-orgasm state.[18] additionally, some men have also reported that this can produce more powerful ejaculatory orgasms when they choose to have them.
one technique is to put pressure on the perineum, about halfway between the scrotum and the anus, just before ejaculating to prevent ejaculation. this can, however, lead to retrograde ejaculation, i.e., redirecting semen into the urinary bladder rather than through the urethra to the outside. it may also cause long term damage due to the pressure put on the nerves and blood vessels in the perineum, akin to that reported by some males who ride bicycles with narrow seats for extended periods.[citation needed] men who have had prostate or bladder surgery, for whatever reason, may also experience dry orgasms because of retrograde ejaculation.
other techniques are analogous to reports by multi-orgasmic women indicating that they must relax and "let go" to experience multiple orgasms. these techniques involve mental and physical controls over pre-ejaculatory vasocongestion and emissions, rather than ejaculatory contractions or forced retention as above. anecdotally, successful implementation of these techniques can result in continuous or multiple "full-body" orgasms.[19] gentle digital stimulation of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens provides erogenous pleasure that sustains intense emissions orgasms for some men. a dildo device (the aneros) claims to stimulate the prostate and help men reach these kinds of orgasms.
many men who began masturbation or other sexual activity prior to puberty report having been able to achieve multiple non-ejaculatory orgasms. young male children are capable of having multiple orgasms due to the lack of refractory period until they reach their first ejaculation. in female children it is always possible, even after the onset of puberty. this capacity generally disappears in males with the subject's first ejaculation. some evidence indicates that orgasms of men before puberty are qualitatively similar to the "normal" female experience of orgasm, suggesting that hormonal changes during puberty have a strong influence on the character of male orgasm.[20]

normally, as a man ages, the amount of semen he ejaculates diminishes, and so does the duration of orgasms. this does not normally affect the intensity of pleasure, but merely shortens the duration.
after ejaculation, a refractory period usually occurs, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. this can last anywhere from less than a minute to several hours, depending on age and other individual factors.
sensation
during orgasm, semen is usually ejaculated and may continue to be ejaculated for a few seconds after the euphoric sensation gradually tapers off. it is believed that the exact feeling of "orgasm" varies from one man to another,[40] but most men agree that it is highly pleasurable.
in women
recently, researchers from the university medical center of groningen, the netherlands, correlated the sensation of orgasm with muscular contractions occurring at a frequency of 8–13 hz centered in the pelvis and measured in the anus. they argue that the presence of this particular frequency of contractions can distinguish between voluntary contraction of these muscles and spontaneous involuntary contractions, and appears to more accurately correlate with orgasm as opposed to other metrics like heart rate that only measure excitation. they claim to have identified "[t]he first objective and quantitative measure that has a strong correspondence with the subjective experience that orgasm ultimately is". they note that the measure of contractions that occur at a frequency of 8–13 hz is specific to orgasm. they found that using this metric they could distinguish from rest, voluntary muscular contractions, and even unsuccessful orgasm attempts.[43]
orgasm and the brain
there have been very few studies correlating orgasm and brain activity in real time, owing to cultural barriers and technical difficulties. however a series of studies conducted by gert holstege and his colleagues at the university of groningen in the netherlands have established physiological characteristics which are unique to orgasm, including brain activity, as well as variation in the responses between men and women.
one study examined 12 healthy women using a positron emission tomography (pet) scanner while they were being stimulated by their partners. brain changes were observed and compared between states of rest, sexual stimulation, faked orgasm, and actual orgasm. " differences were reported on the brain changes associated with men and women during stimulation. however the same changes in brain activity were observed in both sexes in which the brain regions associated with behavioral control, fear and anxiety shut down. regarding these changes, holstege said in an interview with the london times, "what this means is that deactivation, letting go of all fear and anxiety, might be the most important thing, even necessary, to have an orgasm."[44]
during stroking of the clitoris, the parts of the female brain responsible for processing fear, anxiety and behavioral control start to relax and reduce in activity. this reaches a peak at orgasm when the female brain’s emotion centers are effectively closed down to produce an almost trance-like state. holstege is quoted as saying, at the 2005 meeting of the european society for human reproduction and development: "at the moment of orgasm, women do not have any emotional feelings." [45]
initial reports indicated it was difficult to observe the effects of orgasm on men using pet scan, because the duration of male orgasm was much shorter. however, a subsequent report by rudie kortekaas, et. al. noted, “gender commonalities were most evident during orgasm… from these results, we conclude that during the sexual act, differential brain responses across genders are principally related to the stimulatory (plateau) phase and not to the orgasmic phase itself.” [3]
orgasm and health
orgasm, and indeed sex as a whole, are physical activities that can require exertion of many major bodily systems. a 1997 study in the british medical journal[46] based upon 918 men age 45-59 found that after a ten year follow-up, men who had fewer orgasms were twice as likely to die of any cause as those having two or more orgasms a week. a follow-up in 2001 which focused more specifically on cardiovascular health found that having sex three or more times a week was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of heart attack or stroke. (note that as a rule, correlation does not imply causation).
orgasmic dysfunction
the inability to have orgasm is called anorgasmia, ejaculatory anhedonia, or inorgasmia. if a male experiences erection and ejaculation but no orgasm, he is said to have sexual anhedonia.
for a variety of reasons, some people choose to fake an orgasm. a recent redbook survey shows that 52% of women regularly fake orgasms. only 17% are likely to have an orgasm during sexual intercourse, because the clitoris often is not stimulated enough by intercourse alone. 43% of women report “some kind of sexual problem,” such as inability to achieve orgasm, boredom with sex, or total lack of interest in sex.[citation needed]
specifically in relation to simultaneous orgasm and similar practices, many sexologists claim that the problem of premature ejaculation[47] is closely related to the idea encouraged by a scientific approach in early 20th century when mutual orgasm was overly emphasized as an objective and a sign of true sexual satisfaction in intimate relationships.
drugs and orgasm
certain drugs have been reported to have enhancing effects on orgasm. nitrite inhalants are used by both men and women to enhance orgasm. ghb, gbl and 1,4 butanediol are commonly used to enhance orgasms. cocaine also increases sexual desire while delaying orgasm.[48] both male and female users of stimulants, such as 3,4-mdma (ecstasy), amphetamines, and psychedelics like lsd, psilocybin-containing mushrooms, and marihuana sometimes report heightened sexual pleasure. throughout history, recreational drugs have been used to enhance orgasm[49] but, due to lack of research (or government-mandated research restrictions), may be unreliable or have hazardous side effects. anecdotal evidence suggests that women have enhanced orgasms with sildenafil (commercially known as viagra).[citation needed]
in tantric sex

neotantra is the ancient indian spiritual tradition of sexual practices. it attributes a different value to orgasm than traditional cultural approaches to sexuality. some practitioners of tantric sex aim to eliminate orgasm from sexual intercourse by remaining for a long time in the pre-orgasmic and non-emission state. advocates of this, such as rajneesh, claim that it eventually causes orgasmic feelings to spread out to all of one's conscious experience.[50][51]
some advocates of tantric and neotantric sex claim that western culture focuses too much on the goal of climactic orgasm, which reduces our ability to have intense pleasure during other moments of the sexual experience. eliminating this enables a richer, fuller and more intense connection.[52]
these practices should not be confused with buddhist tantra (vajrayana).
in other animals

see also: animal sexuality
the mechanics of male orgasm are similar in most mammals. females of some mammal and some non-mammal species such as alligators[53] have clitorises.
there has been ongoing research about the sexuality and orgasms of dolphins, a species which apparently engages in sexual intercourse for reasons other than procreation.[54]
in literature

jupiter and juno, by annibale carracci.
the orgasm has been widely represented in the literature over the centuries. in antiquity, latin literature addressed the subject as much as the greek literature: ovid's metamorphoses tells in book iii a discussion between jove and juno, in which the first of two states: "the sense of pleasure in the male is farmore dull and dead, than what you females share."[55] juno refuses this idea; both, therefore, agree investigate the opinion of tiresias ("who had known venus/love in both ways").[56] by giving reason to the words of jove, tiresias is punished by juno that hurt, blinded the eyes of the prophet of aonia.[57] preterite, in the didact ars amatoria, ovid advises male to advance on its object of seduction and adds that there is nothing better than a man and a woman lying finish and dull next to each other, having

2, les". the journal of endocrinology 179 (3): 357–65. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1790357. pmid 14656205.
^ whipple, b.; b. myers and b. komisaruk (1998). "male multiple ejaculatory orgasms: a case study". journal of sex education and therapy 23 (2): 157 – 62.
^ haake p, exton ms, haverkamp j, et al. (april 2002). "absence of orgasm-induced prolactin secretion in a healthy multi-orgasmic male subject". international journal of impotence research 14 (2): 133–5. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900823. pmid 11979330.
^ a b levine, r.j. (2004). "an orgasm is... who defines what an orgasm is?". sexual and relationship therapy 19: 101–107. doi:10.1080/14681990410001641663.
^ a b mah k, binik ym (august 2001). "the nature of human orgasm: a critical review of major trends". clinical psychology review 21 (6): 823–56. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00069-6. pmid 11497209.
^ schwartz, bob (may 1992). the one hour orgasm: a new approach to achieving maximum sexual pleasure. breakthru publishing. isbn 0942540077.[page needed]
^ baker, r. r., and bellis, m. a. (1993). "human sperm competition: ejaculate manipulation by females and a function for the female orgasm". animal behavior 46 (5): 887–909. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1272.
^ desmond morris (host). (1994). the human animal. [tv]. the learning channel.
^ reviews
^ adam, david (8 june 2005). "female orgasm all in the genes". the guardian. retrieved 28 may 2006.
^ reviews
^ christopher shea (24 april 2005). "orgasmic science". the boston globe.
^ "female orgasm is 'down to genes'". bbc. 7 june 2005. retrieved 28 may 2006.
^ primary care sciences research centre, keele university (7 june 2005). "genetic influences on variation in female orgasmic function: a twin study by dr km dunn, dr lf cherkas and prof td spector". press release. retrieved 28 may 2006.
^ reviews
^ masters, william h.; virginia e. johnson, reproductive biology research foundation (u.s.) (1966). human sexual response. little, brown. p. 366. isbn 0316549878, 9780316549875.
^ kaplan hs (1977). "hypoactive sexual desire". journal of sex & marital therapy 3 (1): 3–9. pmid 864734.
^ portner, martin (15 may 2008). "the orgasmic mind: the neurological roots of sexual pleasure". scientific american. retrieved 16 july 2009.
^ basson r (2000). "the female sexual response: a different model". journal of sex & marital therapy 26 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1080/009262300278641. pmid 10693116.
^ "do all orgasms feel alike?". retrieved 5 january 2007.
^ "women fall into 'trance' during orgasm". mark henderson (times online). retrieved 7 march 2007.
^ "anatomic and physiologic changes during female sexual response". clinical proceedings. association of reproductive health professionals. retrieved 1 february 2007.
^ van netten jj, georgiadis jr, nieuwenburg a, kortekaas r (april 2008). "8-13 hz fluctuations in rectal pressure are an objective marker of clitorally-induced orgasm in women". archives of sexual behavior 37 (2): 279–85. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9112-9. pmid 17186125.
^ henderson, mark (20 june 2005). "women fall into 'trance' during orgasm". times online. retrieved 7 july 2009.
^ portner, martin (15 may 2008). "the orgasmic mind: the neurological roots of sexual pleasure". scientific american. retrieved 7 july 2009.
^ sex and death, are they related?[verification needed]
^ the international encyclopedia of sexuality: italy
^ thegooddrugsguide.com
^ marijuana and sex: a classic combination
^ rajneesh, bhagwan shree (1983). tantra, spirituality, and sex. rajneeshpuram, or.: rajneesh foundation internat.. isbn 0880506962.[page needed]
^ chia, mantak & abrams, douglas (1996). the multi-orgasmic man. harper san francisco. isbn 0-06-251336-2.[page needed]
^ douglas, n & slinger, p (1979). sexual secrets: the alchemy of ecstasy. destiny books. isbn 0892812664.[page needed]
^ crocodilian captive care faq (caiman, alligator, crocodile)
^ national geographic's dolphins: the wild side documentary (1999), imdb. "sex is as frequent as it is casual, a social tool used to strengthen and maintain bonds. but beneath the harmony lies a darker side of dolphins. gangs of strong males pick on younger or smaller dolphins.", quote from national geographic website
^ ovid, met. iii, 320-21 (according with the translation by sir samuel garth, john dryden, et al, 1717). in the original in latin, ovid writes: maior vestra profecto est, quam quae contingit maribus = "sexual pleasure".
^ met. iii, 323 (according with the translation by a. s. kline, 2000).
^ met. iii, 335.
^ (portuguese) jornal de letras, artes e ideias, ano xxv/number 930. may 24 to june 6, 2006.
^ webb, 1976, p. 2.
^ a b c d "hellenism and homoeroticism in shelley and his circle", by john lauritsen (2008). consulted on december 10, 2009.
^ plato, 2001.
^ georgiadis j, kortekaas r, kuipers r, nieuwenburg a, pruim j, reinders a, holstege g (2006). "regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with clitorally induced orgasm in healthy women". eur j neurosci 24 (11): 3305–16. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05206.x. pmid 17156391.
^ borges, ficciones, p.28
^ d.h.lawrence, new york:grove press, 1969, cited by banker-rishkin; grandinetti, 1997, p.141
bibliography
banker-riskin, anita; grandinetti, deborah. simultaneous orgasm: and other joys of sexual intimacy. hunter house, 1997. isbn 0897932218, isbn 9780897932219.
plato. (2001). the banquet. (p.b. shelley, trans., j. lauritsen, ed., foreword). provincetown, ma: pagan press.
webb, timothy. (1976). the violet in the crucible: shelley and translation, 1976. oxford: clarendon press.
external links

men's health: male orgasm
net doctor: female orgasm
the science of orgasm, by barry r. komisarak, carlos beyer-flores, & beverly whipple

bu da ingilizce anlamayanlara.

орга́зм (др.-греч. ὀργασμός от ὀργάω — от влаги, пылаю страстью) — кульминация сексуального возбуждения, связанная с сильным чувством наслаждения и удовлетворения. происходит обычно в результате механической стимуляции эрогенных зон, обычно половых органов, во время вагинального полового акта, орального или анального секса, мастурбации, в том числе мастурбации в присутствии партнёра, стимуляции эрогенных зон рукой партнёра, и прочих форм сексуальной активности. у некоторых людей бывает оргазм при сильном половом возбуждении без механической стимуляции. у мужчин и женщин возможно наступление оргазма во сне, причём у мужчин это явление сопровождается эякуляцией и называется поллюциями. оргазм — третья, наивысшая фаза изменений, происходящих у человека в его цикле полового ответа.
содержание [убрать]
1 физиология оргазма
2 субъективное восприятие
3 виды оргазмов
3.1 генитальный оргазм
4 управление оргазмом
5 оргазм и эзотерика
6 оргазм и bdsm
7 расстройства оргазма
8 см. также
9 литература
10 примечания
11 ссылки
[править]физиология оргазма

во время оргазма дыхание учащается, частота сердечных сокращений увеличивается до 180 ударов в минуту и более; значительно повышается артериальное давление. такой режим работы сердца сравним с экстремальной физической нагрузкой. часто отмечаются покраснения кожи груди и лица.
у мужчин оргазм сопровождается ритмичными мускульными сокращениями, которые обычно длятся несколько секунд. при этом почти всегда происходит эякуляция — выброс спермы и секрета предстательной железы из уретры.
физиологическим началом оргазма у женщин служат ритмические сокращения мышц влагалища, соседних тканей и анального отверстия. интервалы между сокращениями составляют 0,8 секунды, а количество колеблется от 3 до 20.
обычно повторного оргазма можно достичь только после паузы в 10-30 минут. но некоторые женщины способны испытывать оргазм через 1-2 минуты после предыдущего, при этом несколько оргазмов могут следовать друг за другом.
[править]субъективное восприятие

оргазм у мужчин обычно пикообразный, кратковременный. сладострастное ощущение быстро нарастает и быстро спадает.
у многих женщин оргазм является кратковременным, лишь несколько более длительным, чем у мужчин. возможен и затяжной оргазм, который непрерывно длится 30-60 секунд и дольше. и может носить волнообразный характер, то усиливаясь, то ослабевая, даже в течение часа[источник?] и более.
многие женщины при наступлении оргазма испытывают внезапное оцепенение, а затем — чувство сильного толчка в области клитора или в глубине влагалища и ощущение излучения тепла, распространяющегося по всему телу. возникает ощущение, словно что-то выдавливается из организма. чувство разлившегося тепла сменяется непроизвольными ритмическими сокращениями в области влагалища, малого таза, иногда и наружных половых органов. эти ощущения сопровождаются чувствами необычайного удовольствия.
[править]виды оргазмов

некоторые сексологи (a. kinsey, w. masters, v. johnson, s. schnabl) отрицают наличие разных видов оргазмов.
[править]генитальный оргазм
генитальный (обычный, локальный) оргазм — это то, что происходит по умолчанию. то есть, если человек достигает оргазма, то скорее всего это генитальный оргазм. анатомически, генитальный оргазм является следствием сокращений мышц в тазовой области с определённой частотой. это легко подтверждается несложным упражнением.
у мужчин обычно сопровождается эякуляцией — выбросом спермы из уретры. у некоторых женщин сопровождается выбросом характерной жидкости, так называемой женской эякуляции.
своё название этот вид оргазма получил от его свойства проявляться локально, обычно в области половых органов, охватывая очень малую долю всего организма. такой вид оргазма также очень непродолжителен, то есть сильно локализован и во времени.
традиционно у женщин принято делить оргазм на несколько видов:
клиторальный
вагинальный
маточный

у мужчин различаются оргазмы при стимуляции пениса и простаты (при анальном сексе). у большинства мужчин наиболее чувствительна головка пениса. устоявшихся названий эти два вида оргазмов не получили.
при пассивном анальном сексе у некоторых мужчин и женщин возможен оргазм, у некоторых людей — возбуждение или приятные ощущения, для большинства людей анальный секс является болезненным или неприятным.
[править]управление оргазмом

основная статья: управление оргазмом
управление оргазмом — это половая практика по контролю над наступлением оргазма, над его продолжительностью и глубиной у индивида, половой пары или у принимающего партнёра, будь то женщина или мужчина.

согласно эзотерическим воззрениям на вопрос сексуальности, половые органы человека представляют собой уменьшенную копию всего тела. то есть при воздействии на определённые точки половых органов стимулируются определённые узлы цнс, или так называемые «чакры» человека. при определённых комбинациях воздействия у женщин отмечается глубокий оргазм с отключением от реальности, слуховыми и зрительными галлюцинациями и иногда полной потерей сознания.[источник не указан 204 дня]
пожалуй, правильнее было бы называть это явление не оргазмом, а экстатическим состоянием, ибо напрямую к сфере сексуального возбуждения он отношения не имеет.
[править]оргазм и bdsm

в этом разделе не хватает ссылок на источники информации.
информация должна быть проверяема, иначе она может быть поставлена под сомнение и удалена.
вы можете отредактировать эту статью, добавив ссылки на авторитетные источники.
достижение состояния женского оргазма часто ставится целью в практиках bdsm. при этом женский оргазм рассматривается как безусловный рефлекс в практиках sm и как условный рефлекс в практиках ds. в sm состояние оргазма вызывает ритмичная интенсивная флагелляция каких-либо частей тела [4]. в ds распространена практика оргазм по команде, когда обучением вырабатывается стойкое мгновенное возникновение оргазма на определённое условное слово или невербальный знак (например, щелчок пальцами). оргазм по команде может воспроизводится многократно даже в течение небольшого периода времени. в то же время, подобная трактовка оргазма в бдсм противоречит принципам сексологии и научному определению садизма и мазохизма. выработка условного рефлекса на оргазм, зачастую, является небезопасной, поскольку в дальнейшем затрудняет и искажает сексуальную жизнь такого человека. закрепление получения оргазма от флагелляции также основано на формировании условных рефлексов.[5]
[править]расстройства оргазма

отсутствие оргазма носит название аноргазмии. у женщин встречается чаще, чем у мужчин, устаревшее название у женщин — фригидность. термин "фригидность" в современной зарубежной литературе больше не употребляется, так как в ряде случаев употреблялся в негативном смысле или обозначал отсутствие оргазма у женщин, как "норму", в то время как большинство современных авторов считает отсутствие оргазма у женщин отклонением от нормы[6]. в российской литературе термин "фригидность" иногда употребляется в значении отсутствия или снижения сексуального влечения. возможны различные проявления аноргазмии — аноргазмия при мастурбации (бывает примерно у 5 % женщин), аноргазмия при вагинальном сексе (многие авторы считают её нормой и рекомендуют оральную и мануальную стимуляцию для достижения оргазма, как часть сексуальных отношений), аноргазмия при любых формах секса с партнёром, когда оргазм достигается только при мастурбации в одиночку, и т. д. большинство современных авторов считает аноргазмию у женщин отклонением от нормы. аноргазмия чаще бывает у молодых женщин или у женщин, имеющих малый опыт сексуальных отношений, однако в современной литературе это также рассматривается, как отклонение от нормы. причины: пуританское, строгое воспитание, неприятные сексуальные переживания в детстве и юности, антипатия по отношению к партнёру или недооценка некоторых проявлений женских сексуальных реакций или эрогенных зон (клитор). исследования в различных странах показали: с распространением более свободного отношения к сексу и утверждением равноправия женщин и мужчин число аноргастичных женщин уменьшается. рекомендуется без ложного стыда попробовать все формы сексуальности: куннилингус, мануальное стимулирование, мастурбацию[6].
[править]см. также

[править]литература

томас клири, сартаз азиз. культ энергии оргазма в даосизме // клири т., азиз с. богиня сумерек. пер. с англ. э. б. акимова. нижний новгород: деком, 2003, с. 129—139.
а. м. свядощ женская сексопатология, кишинёв: штиинца, 1991. isbn 5-376-01127-5.
[править]примечания

↑ адриан гайгес, татьяна суворова. любовь — вне плана, москва «собеседник», 1990.
↑ ladas, alice kahn; whipple, beverly; perry john d. the g-spot and other recent discoveries about human sexuality. great britain, 1983. 208p.
↑ тимур алимов, ольга подольская. садомазохизм: путь плети. м. 2003. http://www.shorox.ru/book.htm
↑ обсуждение взаимосвязи бдсм и секса. http://bd-sm.ru/index.php?showtopic=11400&st=0
↑ 1 2 адриан гайгес, татьяна суворова. любовь — вне плана, москва «собеседник», 1990.