ibretlik hayat hikayem

isa (Aramice: ܝܫܘܥ, Arapça: يسوع Yesua', ibranice: ישו yeshu', Yunanca Ιησούς Iēsoũs) (d. M.Ö. 6-4 - ö. M.S. 29-36), Hıristiyanlıktaki temel figür.[1] islam dininde ise bir peygamber olduğuna inanılır. Doğum ve ölüm tarihleri ile ilgili olarak kimi tarihçiler ve araştırmacılar farklı görüşler belirtirler. Memleketine atfen[2] Nasıralı isa olarak da bilinir. Hıristiyan kaynaklarında ve yer yer Kur'an'da ismi isa Mesih olarak geçer.[3][4][5][6] isa'nın yaşadığı dönemde Yahudilerin çoğunlukla babalarının ismiyle birlikte anılması sebebi ile isa yaşamı süresince Yusuf'un oğlu isa olarak isimlendirilmiştir.[7]

Teolojide kullanılan, isa'nın yaşdıbına dair ana kaynaklar Yeni Ahit'teki dört kanonik incil'dir (Matta, Markos, Luka ve Yuhanna). Genel kabule göre bunlar I. yüzyılda yazılmışlardır. Yakın zamanda Havari Yehuda iskariyot tarafından yazıldığı kabul edilen Yehuda'nın Müjdesi belgelerine ulaşılmıştır.

Hıristiyan tarihçilerin ve Kitab-ı Mukaddes konusunda araştırma yapan teorisyenlerin bir çoğu, isa'nın Celileli bir öğretmen ve marangoz olduğu, şifa dağıttığı, Yahya peygamber tarafından vaftiz edildiği, "halkı isyana teşvik etmek" suçuyla, Yahudi din adamlarının teşviki ve Roma imparatorluğu'nun Yahudiye eyaletinin valisi Pontius Pilatus'un emri ile Kudüs'te çarmıha gerildiği konusunda hemfikirdir. islam'da isa peygamberin tarihsel kişiliği Hrsitiyanlık ile benzerlik gösterse de çarmıha gerilmekten mucizevî bir şekilde kurtulduğu düşünülmektedir ve ilahlaştırılmasına karşı çıkılmaktadır.[8] Buna rağmen bazı tarihçi ve araştırmacılar, isa'nın gerçek bir şahsiyet olduğu konusunda şüphecidirler. Dini metinlerde, incil'de ve Kur'an'da sıkça bahsinin geçmesine rağmen tarihi belgelerde ismine rastlanmayışını, mitolojik bir karakter olabileceğine yorarlar. Yeni Ahit'teki isa ile ilgili bilgilerin Eski Mısır tanrısı Horus ile büyük benzerlik gösterdiği iddia edilir.[kaynak belirtilmeli]

Konu başlıkları
[gizle]

* 1 Kökenbilim
* 2 Soyu ve doğumu
* 3 Hıristiyanlıkta isa
* 4 islamda isa
o 4.1 Babasız doğuşu
o 4.2 Mesihliği
o 4.3 Tanrılık atfının reddi
o 4.4 Çarmıha gerilmesi
o 4.5 muhafazid'in gelişini bildirmesi
* 5 Musevilikte isa
* 6 isa'nın Yaşamadığına Dair Görüşler
* 7 Milat
* 8 Ayrıca bakınız
* 9 ilgili Filmler
* 10 Kaynakça

Kökenbilim [değiştir]

Daha çok bilgi için: Mesih

Türkçe'de kullanılan adı arapça olup Kur'an kökenlidir (عيسي). Anadolu'da sözcüğün "Ese" ve "Esi" biçiminde kullanıldığı da görülür. Batı medeniyetlerinde kullanılan Christ, Christus, Cristo vb. isimleri, ibranice 'kutsal yağ ile ovulmuş, kutsanmış' anldıbına gelen Mesih (Arapça: مسيح) kelimesinin Yunanca karşılığı olan Hristos (Χριστός) kelimesinden türemiştir [9].
Soyu ve doğumu [değiştir]
isa ve annesi Meryem

Bazı araştırmacılara göre isa, Roma imparatoru Augustus zamanında, o dönemde Roma imparatorluğu'na bağlı olan Beytüllahim'de (M.Ö. 4) dünyaya gelmiştir. Hem kendisi, hem soyu, hem de müritleri Arapça'nın bir Suriye lehçesi olan Aramice konuşurdu. Roma imparatorluğu ve Avrupa'da bu isimle tanındı. Bazı kaynaklara göre Beytüllahim yer adı değil, isa'nın doğumu sırasında gökyüzünde görülen çok parlak yıldız gibi bir nesnedir. Bu iddiaya göre Beytüllahim tabiri isa'nın nerede değil, ne zaman doğduğunu göstermektedir. Beytüllahim bugün Filistin Özerk Bölgesi'ndedir.

ibrahim'in oğlu ishak'ın soyundan geldiğine inanılır. Tanrı tarafından babasız doğduğuna inanıldığı için soyu üvey babası Yusuf'a göre tayin edilir.

Annesi Meryem, Levioğulları soyundan geliyordu. Yeni Ahit, Meryem'in kocası ve isa'nın kanuni babası olarak andığı marangoz Yusuf'un Davud'a kadar çıkan soyağacını verir. Eski Ahit'te Meryem'den ya da isa'dan o dönemde henüz dünyaya gelmedikleri için sözedilmez. Ancak Hristiyanlıkta, Eski Ahit'te yer yer isa'nın ima edildiği inanışı vardır. Kur'an'da ise Meryem'den, Meryem'in annesinden, babası imran'dan ve isa'dan bahsedilir, Meryem'in annesinin Meryem'i doğurması anlatılır. isa'nın daha beşikte iken konuştuğu ve babasının olmadığı, isa'nın yaratılmasının Âdem'in yaratılması gibi yoktan olduğu, isa'nın öldürülmediği ve hala bir biçimde yaşıyor olduğu yazılıdır (Nisa suresi, 156-157. ayetler).
Hıristiyanlıkta isa [değiştir]
Atina'daki Defne Kilisesi'nin kubbesindeki isa mozaiği (1090-1100)

Ana madde: Hıristiyanlık'ta isa

Hıristiyan inancında isa tanrının oğlu ve bizzat tanrının kendisidir. Baba (Tanrı) ile insanlar arasında aracı, Beklenen mesih, kurtarıcı, rab, tanrı ile aynı "öz" den olan, güçlü tanrı, tek insan, dünyanın tek kralı, Kutsal Üçlü Birlik'teki kişilerden "oğul"dur. Hıristiyan kaynakları onu "isa Mesih" olarak anarlar.

isa'nın tanrısal ve insani özellikleri farklı mezheplerce farklı yorumlanır. Hıristiyanlığın Monofizit görüşüne göre insani tabiatı ile tanrısal tabiatı, Tanrısal özü altında erimiş ve ayrılmaz bölünmez tek bir tabiat meydana gelmiştir. Çarmıhta, isa'nın insani tabiatı gibi ilahi tabiatı da acı çekmiştir. Meryem Theotokosdur, yani Tanrı anasıdır.

Diofizit görüşe göre ise insani ve tanrısal olmak üzere birbirinden bağımsız iki tabiatı vardır. Çarmıha gerildiğinde ilahi tabiatı bedeninden ayrılmış, sadece insani tabiat acı çekmiştir. Meryem, insan olan isa'nın annesidir dolayısıyla da ona Theotokos yani Tanrı anası denemez.

Ortodoks, Katolik ve Protestanlara göre insani ve Tanrısal iki tabiatı olup bunlar asla birleşmezler, karışmazlar ve ayrılmazlar.

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* Cat
* The human female genitalia in slang
* Pejoratively, cowardicing or weakness as an insult in general

Etymology

The origins of the word are unknown. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) says that the word puss is common to several Germanic languages, usually as a call name for the cat — not a synonym for cat, as it is in English.

The Oxford English Dictionary and Webster's Third International Dictionary point out similarities with words including:

* Old Norse, pūss (pocket)
* Old Saxon pūse (vulva)
* Old English pusa (bag)

The medieval French word pucelle referred to a young adolescent girl or a virgin, although this comes from a slang term for virginity puce (= flea) rather than referring to cats (but cf. French chatte (female cat), a current vulgarism for the female genitalia). In the 17th century, the term was also used to refer to women in general. Philip Stubbs, an English pamphleteer, wrote in his 1583 book "The Anatomie of Abuses" that "the word pussie is now used of a woman".

It has been informally suggested in folk etymology that it is a shortened form of the word "pusillanimous", which comes from Latin words meaning "tiny spirit" and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "showing a lack of courage or determination" or cowardly. Though this meaning would seem to be consistent with the intention of the word "pussy" when used as an insult toward a man, it is a false cognate unrelated to the Germanic derivations of puss and pussy.
Case for Asian origin

Taiwan is the ancestral home of the Austronesian family of languages, and genetic evidence supports the theory that the settlers of the Pacific islands, including the Philippines and East Timor, are descendants of people of Taiwan. In the indigenous language of the Amis people (of Taiwan), the word for cat is "pusi". In Eskimo, it is "pussi". In Cree, it is "bushi". In Kapampangan, one of the major languages of the Philippines, the word for cat is "pusa". In the language of the Aymara of the Andes in Peru, it is "phisi". In Hawaiian, it is "popoki". Since there are many cognates for "pusi", with a tendency to more drift the further from Taiwan one gets, it is most likely that the word is quite ancient, and not a loanword from a different language.
Uses
Cat and similar

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, puss was used as a "call-name" for cats in both German and English, but pussy was used in English more as a synonym for "cat": compare "pussycat". In addition to cats, the word was also used for rabbits and hares as well as a humorous name for tigers. In the 19th century, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the meaning was extended "in childish speech, applied to anything soft and furry", as in Pussy Willow. In thieves' slang, it meant "fur coat".

To pussyfoot around the question or point means to be evasive, cautious, or conceal one's opinions. The reference is to the careful soft tread of the cat and has no vulgar implications, other than obvious ties to weakness, which "pussy" sometimes connotes.
Genitalia

The word "pussy" often refers to the female genitalia. Used in conjunction with "some", the phrase some pussy refers to sexual intercourse itself. Most dictionaries mark the anatomical meaning as "vulgar" or "offensive" and its use is frowned upon in polite company.

The German form is cognate (Fotze; compare "Puss-y" to "Fotz-e" [in the style of Futs-sy]), and the (vulgar) French term "chatte" (literally a female cat) is analogous.
Weakness

The meaning "weak or cowardly person" has a separate etymology. Websters 1913 Revised Unabridged Dictionary lists this version of pussy as an alternate spelling of "pursy", an otherwise obsolete English word meaning "fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with pampering ... "[1] The interpretation is often misconstrued, as it contains multiple meanings which some consider derogatory.[2] In fact, when pussy appears in the earlier 1828 edition of the dictionary, this definition is presented for the word, while the older pursy is simply offered as a "corrupt orthography".

Pursy (pronounced with a short u, and with the r slurred or silent) was in turn derived from an Old French word variously spelled pourcif, poulsif, poussif, meaning "to push, thrust, or heave". In this sense, it is cognate with the modern French verb pousser, also meaning "to push".

The word pussy can also be used in a derogatory sense to refer to a male who is not considered sufficiently masculine (see Gender role). When used in this sense, it carries the implication of being easily fatigued, weak or cowardly.

Men dominated by women (particularly their partners or spouses and at one time referred to as 'Hen-pecked') can be referred to as pussy-whipped (or simply whipped in slightly more polite society or media).
Word-play between meanings
The Barrison Sisters lift their dresses to show a live kitten, a double entendre of "pussy".

The double entendre has been used for over a hundred years by performers, including the late-19th-century vaudeville act the Barrison Sisters, who performed the notorious routine "Do You Want To See My Pussy?" (see entry for more); the Popular Great Depression Era song My Girl's Pussy, the Funkadelic song "Pussy", and the character Pussy Galore in the James Bond series, as well as the 1983 film, Octopussy, which refers to a female gang leader. On his album, The Gold Experience, Prince sings a song about a female protagonist named Pussy Control. The Belgian band Lords of Acid also has a song called Pussy, almost every line of which is a double entendre.[3]

One surprisingly risqué joke, especially for 1940,[citation needed] appears in the W. C. Fields movie, The Bank Dick. The bar that Fields frequently attends (tended by Shemp Howard) is called the "Black Pussy Cat", with "Black Pussy" arched over "Cat" to give it some visual separation. However, it was apparently tame enough that the Hays Office did not take action.

Another notable usage is in the British comedy Are You Being Served?. The character Mrs. Slocombe is often heard to be concerned with the welfare of her pussy (cat), presumably unaware of the secondary meaning. This joke was also used with some other cast members of the show (particularly Messrs. Rumbold and Grainger), showing their unawareness, with lines such as "I hope this (meeting) won't take very long, it's very unfair on Mrs. Slocombe's pussy".

In the episode "Calling All Customers", Mrs. Slocombe calls a lonely trucker on Mr. Humphries’ CB radio, setting up perhaps the most intricate "pussy" joke of the series. The trucker tells her he’s hauling dynamite, and proceeds to ask her about her interests. She notes gardening, but that her pussy is her favorite hobby. She exclaims that she has a mantel full of trophies and that it wins a medal every time she shows it. Then follows the sound of screeching tires and an explosion. Mr. Humphries laments, "He’s pulled off for a coffee".

The double meaning of the word was exploited in a 2005 episode of the American comedy program Arrested Development, where the word was censored if used as an insult, but not censored if used to mean sweet or gentle (as in pussycat). This also can apply to using pussy as a word for weak. On the television series Drawn Together, the episode "Alzheimer's That Ends Well" features yet another instance of the above. In this episode, Princess Clara receives an "extreme vaginal makeover", but continually exclaims that something is wrong. In one scene, she claims it has freckles, to which Wooldoor replies, "Lots of pussies have freckles, like Ron Howard". In the South Park episode "Fun with Veal", after giving up meat temporarily, Stan Marsh discovers his body is covered in sores. The doctor informs Stan that the sores are actually tiny vaginas, and that not eating meat is turning Stan into "a giant pussy". In neither of these latter two instances is the word censored.

Steve Martin had a stand-up bit (found on his A Wild and Crazy Guy recording) in which he declared that a woman he'd met had "the best pussy . . ." He then realized what the audience was thinking and immediately expressed outrage and disgust by explaining, "I'm talking about her cat!" and that "You can't say anything any more without people taking it dirty". He then muttered that "that cat was the best fuck I ever had".

An English company has created an energy drink called Pussy. As they state on their web site, "The name Pussy shocks and demands attention - that's the point".[4]