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Webcam
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For the unreleased horror film, see Web Cam (film).

Typical low-cost webcam used with many personal computers
Animated set of x-ray images of a webcam. Images acquired using an industrial computed tomograph.A webcam is a video capture device that is connected to a computer or computer network, often using a USB port or, if connected to a network, ethernet or Wi-Fi, or build in for certain types of laptops.

Their most popular use are for video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconferencing stations. Webcams can also be used with various computer video telecommunication programs such as Windows Live Messenger, Skype and Yahoo! Messenger. Other popular uses, which include the security surveillance and the recording of video files or even still-images, are accessible via numerous other software programs, applications and devices.

Webcams are known for their low manufacturing costs and flexibility,[1] making them the lowest cost form of videotelephony. They have also become the source of security and privacy issues, as some built-in webcams can be remotely activated via spyware.

Contents [hide]
1 History
2 Video calling and conferencing
3 Video security
4 Input control device
5 Technology
6 Privacy
7 Effects on modern society
8 Sign language communications via webcam
9 Videotelephony descriptive names & terminology
10 See also
11 References
12 External links

[edit] History
First employed in 1991, a webcam was pointed at the Trojan Room coffee pot in the Cambridge University computer science department. The camera was finally switched off on August 22, 2001. The final image captured by the camera can still be viewed at its homepage.[2][3] The oldest webcam still operating is FogCam at San Francisco State University, which has been running continuously since 1994.[4]

One of the most widely reported-on webcam sites was JenniCam, started in 1996, which allowed Internet users to observe the life of its namesake constantly, somewhat like reality TV series Big Brother, launched three years later.[5] More recently, the website Justin.tv has shown a continuous video and audio stream from a mobile camera mounted on the head of the site's star. Other cameras are mounted at bridges, public squares, and other public places, their output made available on a public Web page in accordance with the original concept of a "webcam". Aggregator websites have arisen, providing thousands of live video streams or up-to-date still pictures, allowing users to find live video streams based on location or other criteria.

Around the turn of the 21st century, computer hardware manufacturers began building webcams directly into laptop and desktop screens, thus eliminating the need to use an external USB or Firewire camera. Gradually webcams came to be used more for communication between two people, or among a few people, than for offering a view on a Web page to an unknown public.

The term 'webcam' may also be used in its original sense of a video camera connected to the Web continuously for an indefinite time, rather than for a particular session, generally supplying a view for anyone who visits its web page over the Internet. Some of them, for example those used as online traffic cameras, are expensive, rugged professional video cameras.