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denmark (i /ˈdɛnmɑrk/; danish: danmark, pronounced [ˈdænmɑɡ] ( listen)), officially the kingdom of denmark (danish: kongeriget danmark (help·info); faroese: kongsríki danmarkar; german: königreich dänemark) together with greenland and the faroe islands, is a scandinavian country in northern europe. it is the southernmost of the nordic countries, southwest of sweden and south of norway, and bordered to the south by germany. denmark borders both the baltic and the north sea. the country consists of a large peninsula, jutland (jylland) and many islands, most notably zealand (sjælland), funen (fyn), vendsyssel-thy (commonly considered a part of jutland), lolland, falster and bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the danish archipelago. denmark has long controlled the approach to the baltic sea; before the digging of the kiel canal, water passage to the baltic sea was possible only through the three channels known as the "danish straits".
denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. denmark has a state-level government and local governments in 98 municipalities. denmark has been a member of the european union since 1973, although it has not joined the eurozone. denmark is a founding member of nato and the oecd. denmark is also a member of the organisation for security and cooperation in europe (osce).
denmark, with a mixed market capitalist economy and a large welfare state,[6] ranks as having the world's highest level of income equality[citation needed]. denmark has the best business climate in the world, according to the u.s. business magazine forbes.[7] from 2006 to 2008, surveys[8] ranked denmark as "the happiest place in the world", based on standards of health, welfare and education. the 2009 global peace index survey ranks denmark as the second most peaceful country in the world, after new zealand.[9] in 2009, denmark was ranked as one of the least corrupt countries in the world according to the corruption perceptions index, ranking second only to new zealand.[10] in 2010, transparency international ranked it as least corrupt country in the world, in a three-way tie with new zealand and singapore.[11]
the national language, danish, is closely related to swedish and norwegian, with which it shares strong cultural and historical ties. 82% of the inhabitants of denmark and 80.9% [12] of the ethnic danes are members of the lutheran state church. as of 2010, 548,000 persons (9.9% of the danish population) were either immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. most of these (54%) have their origins in scandinavia or elsewhere in europe, while the remainder originate mainly from middle eastern and african countries.