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  1. 30.
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    during the period of romantic nationalism it was popular to trace the origin of the country's name back to an ancient ethnonym. after this pseudo-historical view was discarded, two main versions of the etymology emerged. naturally, the versions have different implications from a nationalist point of view, and are also based on different possible or certain meanings of the lexeme ukraina as it occurs in historical sources. according to one view, the term is taken to mean 'borderland' or simply 'land' (also 'in-land' or 'home-land', 'principality'), whilst in the other it is said to be derived from the old slavic word 'kraina', meaning 'country', and therefore, according to this understanding of the term, 'u-kraina' means 'in-country' or 'my-country'.[12] until the end of the 20th century, it was common practice to refer to ukraine as "the ukraine" in english[13] and such usage is still common[14] although not considered to be appropriate or accurate.
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  2. 29.
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    the name canada comes from a st. lawrence iroquoian word, kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement".[10] in 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day quebec city region used the word to direct french explorer jacques cartier towards the village of stadacona.[11] cartier later used the word canada to refer not only to that particular village, but also the entire area subject to donnacona (the chief at stadacona); by 1545, european books and maps had begun referring to this region as canada
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  3. 28.
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    the etymology of the word denmark, and especially the relationship between danes and denmark and the unifying of denmark as a single kingdom, is a subject which attracts some debate.[11][12] the debate is centred primarily around the prefix "dan" and whether it refers to the dani or a historical person dan and the exact meaning of the -"mark" ending. the issue is further complicated by a number of references to various dani people in scandinavia or other places in europe in greek and roman accounts (like ptolemy, jordanes, and gregory of tours), as well as some mediaeval literature (like adam of bremen, beowulf, widsith and poetic edda).
    most handbooks derive[13] the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning "flat land", related to german tenne "threshing floor", english den "cave", sanskrit dhánuṣ- (धनुस्; "desert"). the -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland (see marches), with probable references to the border forests in south schleswig,[14] maybe similar to finnmark, hedmark, telemark or dithmarschen.[citation needed]
    in norse, the land was called danmǫrk
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  4. 27.
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    @4 bi gibim bildiğini sanan fakir bin ameriko vermedi Richar ameryk verdi dıbına kodumun cahili bi tak biliyorum diye geçiniyosun git cahillikler kitabından al bi tane parasını ben verıcem tamam sakinim
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  5. 26.
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    after new spain won independence from spain, it was decided that the new country would be named after its capital, mexico city, which was founded in 1524 on top of the ancient aztec capital of méxico-tenochtitlan. the name comes from the nahuatl language, but its meaning is not well known.anáhuac is the term used by the aztecs to refer to the territory they dominated, e.g. the empire as a whole, including tributary peoples; and as such was among the terms proposed for the name of the new country prior to independence, as in, for example, congress of anáhuac, another name for the congress of chilpancingo.[25]
    mēxihco was the nahuatl term for the heartland of the aztec empire, namely, the valley of mexico, and its people, the mexica, and surrounding territories which became the future state of mexico as a division of new spain prior to independence; compare latium. it is generally considered to be a toponym for the valley which became the primary ethnonym for the aztec triple alliance as a result, or vice versa. it has been suggested that it is derived from mextli or mēxihtli, a secret name for the god of war and patron of the aztecs, huitzilopochtli, in which case mēxihco means "place where mēxihtli lives".[26]
    another hypothesis suggests that the word mēxihco derives from the mētztli ("moon"), xictli ("navel", "center" or "son"), and the suffix -co (place), in which case it means "place at the center of the moon" or "place at the center of the lake moon", in reference to lake texcoco.[27] the system of interconnected lakes, of which texcoco was at the center, had the form of a rabbit, the same image that the aztecs saw in the moon. tenochtitlan was located at the center (or navel) of the lake (or rabbit/moon).[27] still another hypothesis suggests that it is derived from mēctli, the goddess of maguey.
    the name of the city-state was transliterated to spanish as méxico with the phonetic value of the x in medieval spanish, which represented the voiceless postalveolar fricative /ʃ/. this sound, as well as the voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/, represented by a j, evolved into a voiceless velar fricative /x/ during the sixteenth century. this led to the use of the variant méjico in many publications in spanish, most notably in spain, whereas in mexico and most other spanish–speaking countries méxico was the preferred spelling. in recent years the real academia española, which regulates the spanish language, determined that both variants are acceptable in spanish but that the normative recommended spelling is méxico.[28] the majority of publications in all spanish-speaking countries now adhere to the new norm, even though the alternative variant is still occasionally used.[29] in english, the x in mexico represents neither the original nor the current sound, but the consonant cluster /ks/.
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  6. 25.
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    the name australia is derived from the latin australis, meaning "southern". the country has been referred to colloquially as oz since the early 20th century.[n 5] aussie is a common, colloquial term for "australian".
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  7. 24.
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    the english word japan is an exonym. the japanese names for japan are nippon (にっぽん?) listen (help·info) and nihon (にほん?) listen (help·info); both names are written using the kanji 日本. the japanese name nippon is used for most official purposes, including on japanese yen, postage stamps, and for many international sporting events. nihon is a more casual term and is used in contemporary speech. japanese people refer to themselves as nihonjin (日本人?) and to their language as nihongo (日本語?). both nippon and nihon mean "sun-origin" and are often translated as land of the rising sun. this nomenclature comes from japanese missions to imperial china and refers to japan's eastward position relative to china. before nihon came into official use, japan was known as wa (倭?) or wakoku (倭国?).[15]
    the english word for japan came to the west via early trade routes. the early mandarin or possibly wu chinese (吳語) word for japan was recorded by marco polo as cipangu. in modern shanghainese, a wu dialect, the pronunciation of characters 日本 'japan' is zeppen [zəʔpən]. the old malay word for japan, jepang, was borrowed from a chinese language, and this malay word was encountered by portuguese traders in malacca in the 16th century. it is thought the portuguese traders were the first to bring the word to europe. it was first recorded in english in a 1565 letter, spelled giapan
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  8. 23.
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    the etymology of brazil remains unclear. traditionally, the word "brazil" comes from the brazilwood, a timber tree which many sailors traded from brazilian regions to europe in the 16th century.[17] in portuguese brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember", formed from latin brasa ("ember") and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium).[18][19][20] this theory is taught as official in schools of brazil and portugal.
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  9. 22.
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    pliny the elder (ad 23–79) referred to this region as the land between the helinium and flevo ("inter helinium ac flevum"), the names of the mouths into which the rhine divided itself, the first discharging its waters in the mosa in the neighbourhood of brielle and the second into "the lakes of the north" (present ijsselmeer).[2] the name holland first appeared in sources in ad 866 for the region around haarlem, and by 1064 was being used as the name of the entire county. by this time, the inhabitants of holland were referring to themselves as "hollanders".[3] holland is derived from the middle dutch term holtland ("wooded land"). this spelling variation remained in use until around the 14th century, at which time the name stabilised as holland (alternative spellings at the time were hollant and hollandt). popular, but incorrect, etymology[citation needed] holds that holland is derived from hol land ("hollow land") and was inspired by the low-lying geography of holland.
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  10. 21.
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    the modern name sweden is derived through back-formation from old english swēoþēod, which meant "people of the swedes" (old norse svíþjóð, latin suetidi). this word is derived from sweon/sweonas (old norse sviar, latin suiones). the swedish name sverige (a conjunction of the words svea and rike – the latter is still spelt with the letter g, "rige", in modern danish) literally means "kingdom of the swedes", excluding the geats in zütaland.
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  11. 20.
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    the term iran (ایران) in modern persian derives from the proto-iranian term aryānā, first attested in zoroastrianism's avesta tradition.[31] ariya- and airiia- are also attested as an ethnic designator in achaemenid inscriptions. the term ērān, from middle persian ērān (written as ʼyrʼn) is found on the inscription that accompanies the investiture relief of ardashir i at naqsh-e rustam.[32] in this inscription, the king's appellation in middle persian contains the term ērān (pahlavi ʼryʼn), while in the parthian language inscription that accompanies it, the term aryān describes iran. in ardeshir's time, ērān retained this meaning, denoting the people rather than the state. the name iran is a cognate of aryan, and means "land of the aryans
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  12. 19.
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    the name india is from indus, which is derived from the old persian word hindu, from sanskrit सिन्धु sindhu, the historic local appellation for the indus river.[16] the ancient greeks referred to the indians as indoi (ινδοί), the people of the indus.[17] the constitution of india and common usage in various indian languages also recognise bharat (pronounced [ˈbʱaːrət̪] ( listen)) as an official name of equal status.[18] the name bharat is derived from the name of the legendary king bharata in hindu scriptures. hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn] ( listen)), originally a persian word for “land of the hindus” referring to northern india and pakistan before 1947, is also occasionally used as a synonym for all of india
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  13. 18.
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    ne iğrenç başlık la öyle o.
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  14. 17.
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    the word "china" is derived from cin (چین), a persian name for china popularized in europe by marco polo.[13][14] the first recorded use in english dates from 1555.[15] in early usage, "china" as a term for porcelain was spelled differently from the name of the country, the two words being derived from separate persian words.[16] both these words are derived from the sanskrit word cīna (चीन),[16] used as a name for china as early as ad 150.[17]
    there are various scholarly theories regarding the origin of this word. the traditional theory, proposed in the 17th century by martino martini, is that "china" is derived from "qin" (秦, pronounced chin), the westernmost of the chinese kingdoms during the zhou dynasty, or from the succeeding qin dynasty (221 – 206 bc).[18] in the hindu scriptures mahābhārata (5th century bc)[19] and manusmṛti (laws of manu) (2nd century bc), the sanskrit word cīna (चीन) is used to refer to a country located in the tibeto-burman borderlands east of india.[20] another theory is that this word is derived from yelang, an ancient kingdom in what is now guizhou whose inhabitants referred to themselves as 'zina'.
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  15. 16.
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    @7 @9 @10 @11 @12 ne bu şimdi!
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  16. 15.
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    @10 tırrik gbi bşi yazıodu. komik
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  17. 14.
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    yeter mi panpa?
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  18. 13.
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    the country's original name was русь (rus'), a medieval state populated mostly by the east slavs. however, this proper name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants "русская земля" (russkaya zemlya) which could be translated as "russian land" or "land of rus'". in order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as kievan rus' by modern historiography
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  19. 12.
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    the assumptions on the etymology of the name "italia" are very numerous and the corpus of the solutions proposed by historians and linguists is very wide.[23] according to one of the more common explanations, the term italia, from latin: italia,[24] was borrowed through greek from the oscan víteliú, meaning "land of young cattle" (cf. lat vitulus "calf", umb vitlo "calf").[25] the bull was a symbol of the southern italian tribes and was often depicted goring the roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free italy during the samnite wars. greek historian dionysius of halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that italy was named after italus,[26] mentioned also by aristotle[27] and thucydides.[28]
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  20. 11.
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    the true origins of the name españa and its cognates "spain" and "spanish" are disputed. the ancient roman name for iberia, hispania, may derive from poetic use of the term hesperia to refer to spain, reflecting the greek perception of italy as a "western land" or "land of the setting sun" (hesperia, εσπερία in greek) and spain, being still further west, as hesperia ultima
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