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{
[ -d /var/run/alsa ] && return 0
# We have no business creating /var/run if it doesn't exist
if ! [ -d /var/run ] ; then
warn "Could not create /var/run/alsa/ because /var/run/ is not present."
return 1
fi
if ! mkdir --mode=755 /var/run/alsa ; then
warn "Failed to create /var/run/alsa/."
return 1
fi
[ -d /var/run/alsa ] && return 0
return 1
}

echo_procs_using_sound()
{
echo $(
lsof +D /dev -F rt
| awk '/^p/ {pid=$1} /^t/ {type=$1} /^r0x(74|e)..$/ && type == "tCHR" {print pid}'
| cut -c 2-
| uniq
)
}

4. $* [PID]...
echo_with_command_names()
{
[ "$1" ] || return 0
echo $(
ps --no-headers -o "%p %c" "$@"
| sed -e 's/([0-9][0-9]*) (.*)/1(2)/'
)
}

kill_procs_using_sound()
{
procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
echo -n "Terminating processes:"
for attempt in 1 2 3 4 ; do
echo -n " ${procs_using_sound}"
kill $procs_using_sound || :
sleep 1
procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
[ "$procs_using_sound" ] || break
done
# Either no more procs using sound or attempts ran out
if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
echo -n " (with SIGKILL:) ${procs_using_sound}"
kill -9 $procs_using_sound || :
sleep 1
fi
procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
echo " (failed: processes still using sound devices: $(echo_with_command_names $procs_using_sound))."
return 1
fi
echo "."
fi
return 0
}

5. $* MODULE-NAME [MODULE-NAME]... | "all"
unload_modules()
{
procs_using_sound="$(echo_procs_using_sound)"
if [ "$procs_using_sound" ] ; then
warn "Processes using sound devices: $(echo_with_command_names $procs_using_sound)."
fi
if check_run_dir ; then
:> /var/run/alsa/modules-removed
else
warn "Not keeping list of removed modules because /var/run/alsa is absent.
It will not be possible automatically to reload these modules."
fi
echo -n "Unloading ALSA sound driver modules:"
[ -d /proc/asound ] || { echo " (none loaded)." ; return 0 ; }
echo_snd_modules_loaded()
{
lsmod
| sed -n -e 's/^(snd[-_][^[:space:]]*)[[:space:]].*/1/p'
| sed -e 's/_/-/g'
}
for FSMBS in $* ; do
MODULES_TO_REMOVE=""
SND_MODULES_LOADED="$(echo_snd_modules_loaded)"
case "$FSMBS" in
all)
MODULES_TO_REMOVE="$SND_MODULES_LOADED"
;;
snd_*|snd-*)
FSMBS="$(echo "$FSMBS" | sed -e 's/_/-/g')"
for M in $SND_MODULES_LOADED ; do
if [ "$FSMBS" = "$M" ] ; then
MODULES_TO_REMOVE="$FSMBS"
break
fi
done
;;
esac
[ "$MODULES_TO_REMOVE" ] || continue
echo "$MODULES_TO_REMOVE" >> /var/run/alsa/modules-removed
for M in $MODULES_TO_REMOVE ; do
echo -n " ${M}"
modprobe -r "$M" >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
done
done
if [ -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed ] ; then
MODULES_STILL_LOADED="$(echo_snd_modules_loaded | grep -F -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed)"
MODULES_STILL_LOADED="$(echo $MODULES_STILL_LOADED)"
else
MODULES_STILL_LOADED=""
fi
if [ "$MODULES_STILL_LOADED" ] ; then
echo " (failed: modules still loaded: ${MODULES_STILL_LOADED})."
return 1
else
echo "."
return 0
fi
}

6. $* MODULE-NAME [MODULE-NAME]... | "all"
force_unload_modules()
{
kill_procs_using_sound || :
unload_modules "$@" || return 1
return 0
}

load_unloaded_modules()
{
LUM_RETURNSTATUS=0
MODULES_TO_LOAD=""
[ -d /var/run/alsa ] || mkdir -p /var/run/alsa
echo -n "Loading ALSA sound driver modules:"
[ -f /var/run/alsa/modules-removed ] && MODULES_TO_LOAD="$(echo $(cat /var/run/alsa/modules-removed))"
[ "$MODULES_TO_LOAD" ] || { echo " (none to reload)." ; return $LUM_RETURNSTATUS ; }
echo -n " $MODULES_TO_LOAD"
for MDL in $MODULES_TO_LOAD ; do
modprobe $MDL || LUM_RETURNSTATUS=1
done
case "$LUM_RETURNSTATUS" in
0) echo "." ;;
*) echo " (failed)." ;;
esac
return $LUM_RETURNSTATUS
}

case "$1" in
unload)
unload_modules all || exit $?
;;
reload)
EXITSTATUS=0
unload_modules all || EXITSTATUS=1
load_unloaded_modules || EXITSTATUS=1
exit $EXITSTATUS
;;
force-unload)
force_unload_modules all || exit $?
;;
force-reload)
EXITSTATUS=0
force_unload_modules all || EXITSTATUS=1
load_unloaded_modules || EXITSTATUS=1
exit $EXITSTATUS
;;
suspend)
case "$force_unload_modules_before_suspend" in
""|false) : ;;
all|true) /sbin/alsactl store && force_unload_modules all || exit $? ;;
*) /sbin/alsactl store && force_unload_modules $force_unload_modules_before_suspend || exit $? ;;
esac
;;
resume)
case "$force_unload_modules_before_suspend" in
""|false) : ;;
*) load_unloaded_modules && /sbin/alsactl restore || exit $? ;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $MYNAME {unload|reload|force-unload|force-reload|suspend|resume}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac