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main articles: ethnography of argentina and immigration to argentina
as with other areas of new settlement such as canada, australia, and the united states, argentina is considered a country of immigrants.[44] most argentines are descended from colonial-era settlers and of the 19th and 20th century immigrants from europe, and 86.4% of argentina's population self-identify as of european descent.[2] an estimated 8% of the population is mestizo, and a further 4% of argentines are of arab or asian heritage.[2] in the last national census, based on self-identification, 600,000 argentines (1.6%) declared to be amerindians[3] (see demographics of argentina for genetic studies).[45]
following the arrival of the initial spanish colonists, over 6.2 million europeans emigrated to argentina from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries[46] argentina was second only to the united states in the number of european immigrants received, and at the time, the national population doubled every two decades mostly as a result.[47]
built in 1906 to welcome hundreds of newcomers daily, the hotel de inmigrantes is now a national museum.
the majority of these european immigrants came from italy and spain. italian immigrants arrived mainly from the piedmont, veneto and lombardy regions, initially, and later from campania and calabria;[48] up to 25 million argentines have some degree of italian descent, around 60% of the total population.[49] spanish immigrants were mainly galicians and basques.[50][51] smaller but significant numbers of immigrants came from france (notably béarn and the northern basque country), germany and switzerland, denmark, sweden, ireland, greece, portugal, and the united kingdom.[52] the welsh settlement in patagonia, known as y wladfa, began in 1865; mainly along the coast of chubut province. in addition to the main colony in chubut, a smaller colony was set up in santa fe and another group settled at coronel suárez, southern buenos aires province.[53] of the 50,000 patagonians of welsh descent, about 5,000 are welsh speakers.[54] the community is centered around gaiman, trelew and trevelin.[55]
eastern europeans were also numerous, and arrived from russia, ukraine, lithuania and from central europe (particularly poland, hungary and slovenia).[56] sizable numbers of immigrants also arrived from balkan countries (bulgaria, montenegro, romania and croatia).[57] argentina has south america's largest population of armenians. 130,000 armenian argentines are reported to live in argentina, including a population of 65,000 in buenos aires.[58]
immigrant population argentina (1869–1991)
small but growing numbers of people from east asia have also settled in argentina, mainly in buenos aires. the first asian-argentines were of japanese descent, beginning as visitors who eventually settled in the country starting from 1886; officially steady immigration of japanese began in 1912. chinese and koreans followed later. today, chinese are the fastest growing community, with 100,000 chinese-born residing in the largest argentine cities.[59][60][61]
the majority of argentina's jewish community are ashkenazi jews, while about 15–20% are sephardic groups, primarily syrian jews. argentina's jewish community is the fifth largest in the world. argentina is home to a large community from the arab world, made up mostly of immigrants from syria, lebanon and palestine. most are christians of the eastern orthodox and eastern catholic (maronite) churches, with small muslim and jewish minorities. many have gained prominent status in national business and politics, including former president carlos menem, the son of syrian settlers from the province of la rioja.
although relatively few in number, english immigrants to argentina have played a disproportionately large role in forming the modern state. anglo-argentines were traditionally often found in positions of influence in the railway, industrial and agricultural sectors. the historical english argentine status was complicated by an erosion of their economic influence during perón's nationalization of many british-owned companies in the 1940s and, more recently, by the falklands war in 1982.[52]
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