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Franklin Institute
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This article is about the science museum in Philadelphia. For the Boston school, see Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology.
The Franklin Institute
Established 1824
Location Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Type Science museum
Director Dennis M. Wint, Ph.D.
President and CEO
Website The Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute
Front steps as seen from the adjacent Moore College

The Franklin Institute (named after the noted American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin) is a museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States, dating to 1824. The Institute also houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial.
Contents
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* 1 History
o 1.1 Succession of presidents
* 2 The Science Center
o 2.1 Permanent exhibits
o 2.2 Other attractions
o 2.3 Traveling exhibits
o 2.4 School programs/workshops
o 2.5 Homeschooling
o 2.6 Camp-In
o 2.7 Discovery Camp
o 2.8 Museum floor programs
o 2.9 The Benjamin Franklin National Memorial
o 2.10 The Journal of The Franklin Institute
o 2.11 The Benjamin Franklin Awards
* 3 Informal Science Learning Research
* 4 Programs
o 4.1 The Science Leadership Academy
o 4.2 Teacher professional development
o 4.3 Partnerships for Achieving Careers in Technology and Science
o 4.4 Girls at the Center
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

[edit] History

On February 5, 1824, Samuel Vaughn Merrick and William H. Keating founded The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. The museum began in 1825 in its original building at 15 South 7th Street (now the site of the Atwater Kent Museum) and moved into its current home on the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, near that parkway's intersection with 20th Street, over 100 years later, in 1934. Funds to build the new Institute and Memorial on the Parkway came from the Poor Richard Club, the City Board of Trust, the Benjamin Franklin Memorial, Inc., and The Franklin Institute. John T. Windrim's original design was a completely square building surrounding the Benjamin Franklin Statue, which had yet to be built. Despite the effects of the Great Depression, the Benjamin Franklin Memorial, Inc. raised $5 million between December 1929 and June 1930. Only two of the four wings envisioned by Windrim were built. The Franklin Institute was integrated in 1870, when Philadelphia teacher and activist Octavius Catto was admitted as a member.

Many scientists have demonstrated groundbreaking new technology at The Franklin Institute. From September 2 to October 11, 1884, it hosted the International Electrical Exhibition of 1884, the first great electrical exposition in the United States.[1] Nikola Tesla demonstrated the principle of wireless telegraphy at the institute in 1893. The world's first public demonstration of an all-electronic television system was later given by Philo Taylor Farnsworth on August 25, 1934.

On March 31, 1940, press agent William Castellini issued a press release stating that the world would end the next day. The story was picked up by KYW, which reported, "Your worst fears that the world will end are confirmed by astronomers of Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Scientists predict that the world will end at 3 p.m. Eastern Standard Time tomorrow. This is no April Fool joke. Confirmation can be obtained from Wagner Schlesinger, director of the Fels Planetarium of this city." This caused a panic in the city which only subsided when The Franklin Institute assured people it had made no such prediction. Castellini was dismissed shortly thereafter.[2]
[edit] Succession of presidents

* James Ronaldson (1824–1852)
* Samuel V. Merrick (1852–1854)
* John C. Cresson (1855–1863)
* William Sellers (1864–1867)
* John Vaughan Merrick (1868–1869)
* Coleman Sellers (1870–1875)
* Robert Empie Rogers (1875–1879)
* William Penn Tatham (1880–1886)
* Joseph Miller Wilson (1887–1893)
* Dr. Walton Clark (1907–1924)
* Dr. W. Laurence LePage
* Dr. Bowen C. Dees
* Dr. Athelstan F. Spilhaus (1966–1969)
* Dr. Joel N. Bloom (1969–1990)
* Dr. Dennis M. Wint (1995–present)

[edit] The Science Center

The most recognizable part of The Franklin Institute's Science Center is The Franklin Institute Science Museum. In the spirit of inquiry and discovery embodied by Benjamin Franklin, the mission of The Franklin Institute Science Museum serves to inspire an understanding of and passion for science and technology learning. Among other exhibits, The Science Museum holds the largest collection of artifacts from the Wright brothers' workshop.
[edit] Permanent exhibits
The newly refurbished Giant Heart

* Electricity, which replaced Franklin... He's Electric in 2010, showcases Franklin's discovery of electricity and its use in the modern world, including elements such as a sustainable dance floor, and an array of LEDs that turn on in the presence of cell phone signals and other low-power electrical signals.[3]. (Electricity and Technology)
* Changing Earth, which opened to the public, along with Electricity, on March 27, 2010, focuses on the powerful forces of air, water, and land and their effect upon the earth, as well as how humans respond to and interact with these forces.[4]
* The Franklin Airshow features The Wright Brothers Aeronautical Engineering Collection, their newly restored Model B Flyer, and a U.S. Air Force 1948 T-33 Shooting Star Jet Trainer. (Aviation and Technology)
* The Giant Heart has been a Philadelphia icon since its opening in 1954. (Biology, Chemistry and Anatomy)
* The Joel N. Bloom Observatory, remodeled in 2006, features five telescopes, including a giant 10" Zeiss Refractor and four 8" Meade Reflectors.
* The Sports Challenge is an interactive exhibit that shows the science behind sports. (Physics and Technology)
* The Train Factory has a real, moving train: The Baldwin 60000 steam locomotive. (History, Engineering and Technology)
* Sir Isaac's Loft, allows visitors to blend art and science into their own masterpiece. (Physics and Art)
* Space Command features real space suits and allows visitors to track their houses, in real time, via satellite. (Astronomy, Technology and Mathematics)
* The Franklin Institute once featured the Foxtrot Papa Boeing 707 as a permanent exhibit. This partial fuselage could easily be seen from the outside of the building and was a remarkable sight in the middle of a major city. But in the 1980s, the aircraft was sold for scrap, much to the dismay of aviation enthusiasts.[5]
* Amazing Machine allows visitors to experience a machine-like environment featuring little-seen pieces from The Franklin Institute's priceless collection, including Maillardet's Automaton[6], believed to have the largest cam-based memory of any automaton of the era.

[edit] Other attractions
Budd BB-1 Pioneer in front of museum

The Science Center includes many pertinent attractions that are not museum exhibits. The Budd BB-1 Pioneer, in front of the museum, was the first stainless steel airplane built by the Edward F. Budd Manufacturing Corporation and has been on display since 1935. [1]

A model which would eventually become the Lunar Module in the Apollo space program, first shown on display in the 1966–67 World's Fair, held in the New York Hall of Science, is also located on the grounds.

Theaters

In 1933, Samuel Simeon Fels contributed funds to build The Fels Planetarium, only the second in the United States after Chicago's Adler Planetarium. Fully reconstructed in 2002, the Planetarium's new design includes replacement of the original 40,000-pound stainless steel dome, originally built in 1933. The new premium dome is lighter and is 60 feet (18 m) in diameter. It is the first of its kind in the United States. The planetarium is also outfitted for visitors who are hearing impaired.

Memorial was re-opened after a summer-long restoration that included multi-media enhancements. Philadelphia's most famous citizen is now featured in Benjamin Franklin Forever - an hourly 3.5-minute multimedia presentation utilizing the entire rotunda.

Also noteworthy is The Franklin Institute's Frankliniana Collection, some of which is on rotating display in the Pendulum Staircase. Highlights might include his 1777 Nini Medallion; the maquette of Franklin's bust from the statue of Franklin in the Memorial; the figurehead of Franklin's bust from the USS Franklin; Franklin's Ceremonial Sword used in the Court of King Louis XVI and even the odometer that Ben used to measure the postal routes in Philadelphia. Additionally, the Institute's Electricity exhibition highlights one of Franklin's lightning rods; his Electricity Tube, given to him by Peter Collinson; a Franklin Electrostatic Generator; Franklin's 1751 publication of Observations and Experiments on Electricity... ; and Thornton Oakley's two 1940 historical murals of Franklin and the "Kite and Key" experiment.
[edit] The Journal of The Franklin Institute

In 1826, The Journal of The Franklin Ins