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BACKGROUND: Recent observational and experimental evidence suggests that diet may
contribute to acne prevalence.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the differences in select dietary factors (glycemic index
[GI], total sugar, added sugar, fruit/fruit juice, fruit/vegetables, vegetables,
saturated fat, trans fat, and number of milk and fish servings per day) between
groups of self-reported acne severity. Secondary objectives were to investigate
the differences in food-aggravated acne beliefs and acne-specific quality-of-life
between groups of self-reported acne severity.
DESIGN: This study utilized a cross-sectional design.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A total of 248 (115 male, 133 female) participants, age 18
to 25 years, completed questionnaires designed to measure self-reported acne
severity, select dietary factors, food-aggravated acne beliefs, acne-specific
quality-of-life, and anthropometric and demographic characteristics. The Block
fat/sugar/fruit/vegetable food frequency questionnaire assessed usual dietary
intake. Data were collected in New York City between January and May 2012.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: One-way between groups analysis of variance
examined differences in dietary factors, anthropometric characteristics, and
acne-specific quality-of-life between groups of self-reported acne. χ² tests
compared food-aggravated acne beliefs and demographic characteristics between
groups of self-reported acne.
RESULTS: Compared with participants with no or mild acne, participants with
moderate to severe acne reported greater dietary GI (P<0.001), added sugar
(P<0.001), total sugar (P<0.001), number of milk servings per day (P<0.001),
saturated fat (P<0.001), and trans-fatty acids (P<0.001), and fewer servings of
fish per day (P=0.002). Among all participants, 58.1% perceived diet to aggravate
or influence acne.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that diet, particularly dietary GI, saturated
fat, trans fat, milk, and fish may influence or aggravate acne development.
Future research is necessary to elucidate the proposed mechanisms linking diet
and acne and determine the impact of medical nutrition therapy on acne
development.